Trade lane

What Germany buys from Japan.

Germany imported USD 19bn of manufactured and processed goods from Japan in 2024, down 16 per cent on 2022. That is 2 per cent of everything Germany imported in these lines, and Japan is its number 17 source. Below: the 50 largest lines, the fastest growing, where Japan dominates, and where another country ships the same line for less a tonne.

Trade year 2024, compared with 2022. Unit values are customs values per tonne, declared at the border, not product prices.

USD 19bnfrom Japan in 2024 (USD 23bn in 2022)
2 per centof Germany's imports in these lines, USD 1.1tn from every source
875product lines worth USD 1m or more on this lane
#17Japan's rank among Germany's sources
The top 50

The largest lines on the lane, by 2024 value.

Each line shows what Germany paid Japan for it at the border, Japan's share of everything Germany imported in that line, how it changed since 2022, and the customs unit value per tonne where the weight is recorded. Together they are 56 per cent of the lane.

  1. 1

    Printing machinery: parts and accessories, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.91HS 844399

    Share of Germany's imports20 per cent, 106 source countries
    Changedown 3 per cent on 2022 (USD 872m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 109,602 a tonne, 7,734 tonnes
    USD 848min 2024
  2. 2

    Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1500 but not over 3000ccHS 870323

    Share of Germany's imports6 per cent, 86 source countries
    Changeup 65 per cent on 2022 (USD 428m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 18,408 a tonne, 38,341 tonnes
    USD 706min 2024
  3. 3

    Nucleic acids and their salts, other heterocyclic compounds, n.e.c. in heading number 2934HS 293499

    Share of Germany's imports12 per cent, 96 source countries
    Changeup 14 per cent on 2022 (USD 555m in 2022)
    Unit valuenot shown: weight missing or out of range
    USD 635min 2024
  4. 4

    Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, incapable of being charged by plugging to external source of...HS 870340

    Share of Germany's imports10 per cent, 43 source countries
    Changeup 65 per cent on 2022 (USD 288m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 19,410 a tonne, 24,472 tonnes
    USD 475min 2024
  5. 5

    Microtomes and parts and accessories thereofHS 902790

    Share of Germany's imports28 per cent, 98 source countries
    Changedown 11 per cent on 2022 (USD 486m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 281,457 a tonne, 1,534 tonnes
    USD 432min 2024
  6. 6

    Electrical capacitors: fixed, ceramic dielectric, multilayerHS 853224

    Share of Germany's imports32 per cent, 66 source countries
    Changeup 41 per cent on 2022 (USD 276m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 422,973 a tonne, 923 tonnes
    USD 391min 2024
  7. 7

    Games: video game consoles and machines, other than those of subheading 9504.30HS 950450

    Share of Germany's imports22 per cent, 79 source countries
    Changedown 51 per cent on 2022 (USD 789m in 2022)
    Unit valuenot shown: weight missing or out of range
    USD 383min 2024
  8. 8

    Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers, whether or not combined with memories, converters, logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing circuits, or...HS 854231

    Share of Germany's imports5 per cent, 106 source countries
    Changedown 22 per cent on 2022 (USD 426m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 854,413 a tonne, 391 tonnes
    USD 334min 2024
  9. 9

    Medical, surgical or dental instruments and appliances: n.e.c. in heading no. 9018HS 901890

    Share of Germany's imports7 per cent, 131 source countries
    Changeup 3 per cent on 2022 (USD 312m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 291,273 a tonne, 1,102 tonnes
    USD 321min 2024
  10. 10

    Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1000 but not over 1500ccHS 870322

    Share of Germany's imports3 per cent, 62 source countries
    Changeup 86 per cent on 2022 (USD 155m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 14,715 a tonne, 19,634 tonnes
    USD 289min 2024
  11. 11

    Electrical apparatus: transistors, (other than photosensitive), with a dissipation rate of 1W or moreHS 854129

    Share of Germany's imports13 per cent, 69 source countries
    Changeup 23 per cent on 2022 (USD 233m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 323,832 a tonne, 888 tonnes
    USD 288min 2024
  12. 12

    Instruments and apparatus: using optical radiations (UV, visible, IR), (other than spectrometers, spectrophotometers and spectrographs)HS 902750

    Share of Germany's imports27 per cent, 92 source countries
    Changedown 39 per cent on 2022 (USD 460m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 520,469 a tonne, 543 tonnes
    USD 283min 2024
  13. 13

    Turbines: parts of turbo-jets and turbo-propellersHS 841191

    Share of Germany's imports4 per cent, 68 source countries
    Changeup 21 per cent on 2022 (USD 218m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 3.2m a tonne, 81 tonnes
    USD 264min 2024
  14. 14

    Ignition or starting equipment: spark plugs, of a kind used for spark or compression-ignition internal combustion enginesHS 851110

    Share of Germany's imports57 per cent, 67 source countries
    Changeup 3 per cent on 2022 (USD 251m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 54,731 a tonne, 4,743 tonnes
    USD 260min 2024
  15. 15

    Reagents: diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing, prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents whether or not on a backing, whether or not put up in the form of...HS 382219

    Share of Germany's imports6 per cent, 88 source countries
    Changeup 2 per cent on 2022 (USD 253m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 309,402 a tonne, 833 tonnes
    USD 258min 2024
  16. 16

    Electronic integrated circuits: n.e.c. in heading no. 8542HS 854239

    Share of Germany's imports3 per cent, 112 source countries
    Changedown 17 per cent on 2022 (USD 291m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 1.3m a tonne, 190 tonnes
    USD 241min 2024
  17. 17

    Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity over 2500ccHS 870333

    Share of Germany's imports7 per cent, 53 source countries
    Changeup 98 per cent on 2022 (USD 118m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 22,251 a tonne, 10,524 tonnes
    USD 234min 2024
  18. 18

    Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, capable of being charged by plugging to external source of...HS 870360

    Share of Germany's imports3 per cent, 43 source countries
    Changedown 66 per cent on 2022 (USD 647m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 17,463 a tonne, 12,481 tonnes
    USD 218min 2024
  19. 19

    Vehicle parts: gear boxes and parts thereofHS 870840

    Share of Germany's imports4 per cent, 79 source countries
    Changedown 28 per cent on 2022 (USD 299m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 7,746 a tonne, 27,629 tonnes
    USD 214min 2024
  20. 20

    Chemical elements: doped for use in electronics, in the form of discs, wafers or similar forms: chemical compounds doped for use in electronicsHS 381800

    Share of Germany's imports29 per cent, 45 source countries
    Changeup 6 per cent on 2022 (USD 194m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 741,009 a tonne, 278 tonnes
    USD 206min 2024
  21. 21

    Vehicles: with only electric motor for propulsionHS 870380

    Share of Germany's imports3 per cent, 57 source countries
    Changeup 34 per cent on 2022 (USD 141m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 19,888 a tonne, 9,504 tonnes
    USD 189min 2024
  22. 22

    Electrical static convertersHS 850440

    Share of Germany's imports2 per cent, 129 source countries
    Changedown 6 per cent on 2022 (USD 188m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 80,673 a tonne, 2,201 tonnes
    USD 178min 2024
  23. 23

    Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.c. in chapter 90HS 903149

    Share of Germany's imports19 per cent, 97 source countries
    Changedown 10 per cent on 2022 (USD 161m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 697,768 a tonne, 209 tonnes
    USD 146min 2024
  24. 24

    Lenses: objective, for cameras, projectors or photographic enlargers or reducers, mounted, being parts or fittings for instruments or apparatus, of any material...HS 900211

    Share of Germany's imports26 per cent, 68 source countries
    Changedown 28 per cent on 2022 (USD 199m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 857,182 a tonne, 166 tonnes
    USD 143min 2024
  25. 25

    Boards, panels, consoles, desks and other bases: for electric control or the distribution of electricity, (other than switching apparatus of heading no. 8517), for a...HS 853710

    Share of Germany's imports1 per cent, 131 source countries
    Changedown 10 per cent on 2022 (USD 156m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 120,835 a tonne, 1,160 tonnes
    USD 140min 2024
  26. 26

    Monitors: other than cathode-ray tube: capable of directly connecting to and designed for use with an automatic data processing machine of heading 84.71HS 852852

    Share of Germany's imports5 per cent, 86 source countries
    Changedown 27 per cent on 2022 (USD 185m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 75,950 a tonne, 1,786 tonnes
    USD 136min 2024
  27. 27

    Electric accumulators: lithium-ion, including separators, whether or not rectangular (including square)HS 850760

    Share of Germany's imports1 per cent, 78 source countries
    Changeup 12 per cent on 2022 (USD 118m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 45,321 a tonne, 2,932 tonnes
    USD 133min 2024
  28. 28

    Machinery and mechanical appliances: industrial robots, n.e.c. or includedHS 847950

    Share of Germany's imports25 per cent, 56 source countries
    Changeup 77 per cent on 2022 (USD 75m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 55,720 a tonne, 2,373 tonnes
    USD 132min 2024
  29. 29

    Machines and mechanical appliances: having individual functions, n.e.c. or included in this chapterHS 847989

    Share of Germany's imports4 per cent, 105 source countries
    Changedown 15 per cent on 2022 (USD 153m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 96,941 a tonne, 1,342 tonnes
    USD 130min 2024
  30. 30

    Pumps and compressors: parts, of air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors and fans, ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fanHS 841490

    Share of Germany's imports11 per cent, 92 source countries
    Changeup 42 per cent on 2022 (USD 90m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 20,303 a tonne, 6,331 tonnes
    USD 129min 2024
  31. 31

    Compressors: of a kind used in refrigerating equipmentHS 841430

    Share of Germany's imports16 per cent, 76 source countries
    Changedown 59 per cent on 2022 (USD 309m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 10,718 a tonne, 11,821 tonnes
    USD 127min 2024
  32. 32

    Instruments and apparatus: gas or smoke analysis apparatus, for physical or chemical analysisHS 902710

    Share of Germany's imports15 per cent, 105 source countries
    Changedown 37 per cent on 2022 (USD 196m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 270,640 a tonne, 459 tonnes
    USD 124min 2024
  33. 33

    Blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products: immunological products, mixed, put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for...HS 300214

    Share of Germany's imports2 per cent, 37 source countries
    Changedown 3 per cent on 2022 (USD 127m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 8.7m a tonne, 14 tonnes
    USD 124min 2024
  34. 34

    Aircraft and spacecraft: parts of aeroplanes, helicopters or unmanned aircraft n.e.c. in heading no. 8807HS 880730

    Share of Germany's imports1 per cent, 101 source countries
    Changeup 59 per cent on 2022 (USD 77m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 1.1m a tonne, 111 tonnes
    USD 122min 2024
  35. 35

    Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor devices or of electronic integrated circuitsHS 848620

    Share of Germany's imports21 per cent, 36 source countries
    Changedown 69 per cent on 2022 (USD 395m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 250,343 a tonne, 486 tonnes
    USD 122min 2024
  36. 36

    Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: fitted with auxiliary motor, with internal combustion piston engine of a cylinder capacity exceeding 800cc, with or without...HS 871150

    Share of Germany's imports24 per cent, 50 source countries
    Changeup 14 per cent on 2022 (USD 105m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 47,596 a tonne, 2,504 tonnes
    USD 119min 2024
  37. 37

    Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: electro-diagnostic apparatus (including apparatus for functional exploratory examination or for checking physiological...HS 901819

    Share of Germany's imports5 per cent, 85 source countries
    Changeup 3 per cent on 2022 (USD 112m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 684,222 a tonne, 169 tonnes
    USD 115min 2024
  38. 38

    Photographic goods: chemical preparations other than sensitised emulsions, put up in measured portions or put up for retail sale in a form ready for useHS 370790

    Share of Germany's imports35 per cent, 49 source countries
    Changeup 265 per cent on 2022 (USD 31m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 51,206 a tonne, 2,211 tonnes
    USD 113min 2024
  39. 39

    Electrical inductors: n.e.c. in heading no. 8504HS 850450

    Share of Germany's imports10 per cent, 83 source countries
    Changedown 12 per cent on 2022 (USD 119m in 2022)
    Unit valuenot shown: weight missing or out of range
    USD 105min 2024
  40. 40

    Electrical capacitors: fixed, aluminium electrolyticHS 853222

    Share of Germany's imports26 per cent, 58 source countries
    Changedown 10 per cent on 2022 (USD 115m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 51,898 a tonne, 1,989 tonnes
    USD 103min 2024
  41. 41

    Lathes: for removing metal, horizontal, numerically controlledHS 845811

    Share of Germany's imports22 per cent, 36 source countries
    Changedown 14 per cent on 2022 (USD 113m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 25,275 a tonne, 3,842 tonnes
    USD 97min 2024
  42. 42

    Instruments, appliances and machines: for measuring or checking n.e.c. in chapter 90HS 903180

    Share of Germany's imports4 per cent, 130 source countries
    Changedown 2 per cent on 2022 (USD 96m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 180,120 a tonne, 525 tonnes
    USD 95min 2024
  43. 43

    Gears and gearing: (not toothed wheels, chain sprockets and other transmission elements presented separately): ball or roller screws: gear boxes and other speed...HS 848340

    Share of Germany's imports6 per cent, 87 source countries
    Changedown 27 per cent on 2022 (USD 129m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 15,104 a tonne, 6,263 tonnes
    USD 95min 2024
  44. 44

    Engines: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines), of a kind used for other than marine propulsion or the vehicles of...HS 840890

    Share of Germany's imports12 per cent, 61 source countries
    Changedown 36 per cent on 2022 (USD 143m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 13,380 a tonne, 6,871 tonnes
    USD 92min 2024
  45. 45

    Rubber: new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on motor cars (including station wagons and racing cars)HS 401110

    Share of Germany's imports2 per cent, 79 source countries
    Changelevel with 2022 (USD 84m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 5,765 a tonne, 14,583 tonnes
    USD 84min 2024
  46. 46

    Mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel loaders: with a 360 degree revolving super structureHS 842952

    Share of Germany's imports8 per cent, 38 source countries
    Changedown 38 per cent on 2022 (USD 134m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 6,378 a tonne, 12,948 tonnes
    USD 83min 2024
  47. 47

    Ball bearingsHS 848210

    Share of Germany's imports5 per cent, 79 source countries
    Changedown 43 per cent on 2022 (USD 142m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 19,858 a tonne, 4,085 tonnes
    USD 81min 2024
  48. 48

    Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail saleHS 300490

    Share of Germany's importsunder 1 per cent, 95 source countries
    Changedown 19 per cent on 2022 (USD 96m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 72,698 a tonne, 1,067 tonnes
    USD 78min 2024
  49. 49

    Cycles: parts thereof, brakes, including coaster braking hubs and hub-brakes, and parts thereofHS 871494

    Share of Germany's imports43 per cent, 48 source countries
    Changedown 47 per cent on 2022 (USD 144m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 141,703 a tonne, 535 tonnes
    USD 76min 2024
  50. 50

    Instruments and apparatus: for physical or chemical analysis, for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or quantities of heat, sound or...HS 902789

    Share of Germany's imports13 per cent, 101 source countries
    Changedown 49 per cent on 2022 (USD 147m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 165,356 a tonne, 454 tonnes
    USD 75min 2024
Fastest growing

The lines that grew most since 2022.

Lines worth at least USD 5m in 2022, ranked by growth to 2024 in current dollars. A fast rise can be a new product, a shift away from another source, or a price change; the record does not say which.

  1. Steel, alloy: flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, of silicon-electrical steel, grain-orientedHS 722511USD 26m in 2024, up 281 per cent on 2022 (USD 7m in 2022). Japan supplies 37 per cent of the line.
  2. Photographic goods: chemical preparations other than sensitised emulsions, put up in measured portions or put up for retail sale in a form ready for useHS 370790USD 113m in 2024, up 265 per cent on 2022 (USD 31m in 2022). Japan supplies 35 per cent of the line.
  3. Games: playing cardsHS 950440USD 53m in 2024, up 224 per cent on 2022 (USD 16m in 2022). Japan supplies 17 per cent of the line.
  4. Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like: of agglomerated synthetic or natural diamondHS 680421USD 22m in 2024, up 191 per cent on 2022 (USD 8m in 2022). Japan supplies 11 per cent of the line.
  5. Units of automatic data processing machines: processing units other than those of item no. 8471.41 or 8471.49, whether or not containing in the same housing one or two...HS 847150USD 28m in 2024, up 181 per cent on 2022 (USD 10m in 2022). Japan supplies 1 per cent of the line.
  6. Monitors other than cathode-ray tube: n.e.c. in subheading 8528.52, whether or not colourHS 852859USD 43m in 2024, up 153 per cent on 2022 (USD 17m in 2022). Japan supplies 6 per cent of the line.
  7. Instruments and apparatus: for physical or chemical analysis, for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or quantities of heat, sound or...HS 902781USD 14m in 2024, up 147 per cent on 2022 (USD 6m in 2022). Japan supplies 4 per cent of the line.
  8. Automatic data processing machines: comprising in the same housing at least a central processing unit and an input and output unit, whether or not combined, n.e.c. in...HS 847141USD 26m in 2024, up 121 per cent on 2022 (USD 12m in 2022). Japan supplies 2 per cent of the line.
  9. Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor boules or wafersHS 848610USD 71m in 2024, up 110 per cent on 2022 (USD 34m in 2022). Japan supplies 72 per cent of the line.
  10. Magnetic media: other than cards incorporating a magnetic stripe, whether or not recorded, excluding products of Chapter 37HS 852329USD 50m in 2024, up 105 per cent on 2022 (USD 24m in 2022). Japan supplies 46 per cent of the line.
  11. Plastics: of acrylic polymers (excluding polymethyl methacrylate), plates, sheets, film, foil and strip (not self-adhesive), non-cellular and not reinforced, laminated...HS 392059USD 20m in 2024, up 103 per cent on 2022 (USD 10m in 2022). Japan supplies 55 per cent of the line.
  12. Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity over 2500ccHS 870333USD 234m in 2024, up 98 per cent on 2022 (USD 118m in 2022). Japan supplies 7 per cent of the line.
  13. Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1000 but not over 1500ccHS 870322USD 289m in 2024, up 86 per cent on 2022 (USD 155m in 2022). Japan supplies 3 per cent of the line.
  14. Plastics: of polymers of propylene, plates, sheets, film, foil and strip (not self-adhesive), non-cellular and not reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly...HS 392020USD 11m in 2024, up 84 per cent on 2022 (USD 6m in 2022). Japan supplies 1 per cent of the line.
  15. Machinery and mechanical appliances: industrial robots, n.e.c. or includedHS 847950USD 132m in 2024, up 77 per cent on 2022 (USD 75m in 2022). Japan supplies 25 per cent of the line.
  16. Vehicle parts: suspension systems and parts thereof (including shock-absorbers)HS 870880USD 30m in 2024, up 77 per cent on 2022 (USD 17m in 2022). Japan supplies 1 per cent of the line.
  17. IodineHS 280120USD 30m in 2024, up 74 per cent on 2022 (USD 17m in 2022). Japan supplies 28 per cent of the line.
  18. Lighting or signalling equipment: electrical, (excluding articles of heading no. 8539), windscreen wipers, defrosters and demisters: parts, of those kinds used for...HS 851290USD 18m in 2024, up 70 per cent on 2022 (USD 10m in 2022). Japan supplies 2 per cent of the line.
  19. Ink: for printing, other than black, whether or not concentrated or solidHS 321519USD 15m in 2024, up 68 per cent on 2022 (USD 9m in 2022). Japan supplies 4 per cent of the line.
  20. Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1500 but not over 3000ccHS 870323USD 706m in 2024, up 65 per cent on 2022 (USD 428m in 2022). Japan supplies 6 per cent of the line.
Where Japan dominates

Lines where Japan supplies 60 per cent or more.

The largest lines worth USD 1m or more where Japan ships at least 60 per cent of what Germany imports. This is supply concentration: how much of the line depends on one source country.

  1. Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor boules or wafersHS 84861072 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 71m; 23 source countries in all.
  2. Fibres: artificial filament tow of cellulose acetateHS 55021067 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 59m; 17 source countries in all.
  3. Yarn, synthetic: filament, monofilament (less than 67 decitex), other than high tenacity or textured yarn, single, untwisted or twisted 50 turns or less per metre...HS 54024961 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 37m; 29 source countries in all.
  4. Photographic plates and film: (for other than colour photography), in the flat, sensitised, unexposed, with no side exceeding 255mm, of any material other than paper...HS 37019987 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 15m; 24 source countries in all.
  5. Glass: unworked, in rodsHS 70022075 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 6m; 23 source countries in all.
  6. Pens: nibs and nib pointsHS 96089165 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 5m; 29 source countries in all.
  7. Rubber: synthetic, chloroprene (chlorobutadiene) rubber (CR), latex, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or stripHS 40024180 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 4m; 13 source countries in all.
  8. Fibres: synthetic filament tow, of polyestersHS 55012072 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 3m; 17 source countries in all.
  9. Salts: of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids, manganites, manganates and permanganates, other than potassium permanganateHS 28416976 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 2m; 11 source countries in all.
  10. Fibres: synthetic filament tow, of nylon or other polyamides, of aramidsHS 55011176 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 2m; 6 source countries in all.
Another source, lower unit value

Where another country ships the same line for at least 20 per cent less a tonne.

Lines worth USD 5m or more where Japan's unit value is recorded and another country also ships at least USD 5m of the same line to Germany at a unit value at least 20 per cent lower. The largest such source is named. The same heading can hold different grades, so a lower figure is a question to ask, not a like-for-like price.

  1. Printing machinery: parts and accessories, n.e.c. in item no. 8443.91HS 844399Japan: USD 848m at USD 109,602 a tonne. China: USD 981m (23 per cent of the line) at USD 54,772 a tonne, 50 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 72,566 a tonne.
  2. Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1500 but not over 3000ccHS 870323Japan: USD 706m at USD 18,408 a tonne. Netherlands: USD 179m (2 per cent of the line) at USD 13,749 a tonne, 25 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 16,981 a tonne.
  3. Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, incapable of being charged by plugging to external source of...HS 870340Japan: USD 475m at USD 19,410 a tonne. China: USD 187m (4 per cent of the line) at USD 15,111 a tonne, 22 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 17,443 a tonne.
  4. Microtomes and parts and accessories thereofHS 902790Japan: USD 432m at USD 281,457 a tonne. United States: USD 276m (18 per cent of the line) at USD 123,213 a tonne, 56 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 279,314 a tonne.
  5. Electrical capacitors: fixed, ceramic dielectric, multilayerHS 853224Japan: USD 391m at USD 422,973 a tonne. China: USD 208m (17 per cent of the line) at USD 114,450 a tonne, 73 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 199,420 a tonne.
  6. Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers, whether or not combined with memories, converters, logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing circuits, or...HS 854231Japan: USD 334m at USD 854,413 a tonne. Philippines: USD 159m (2 per cent of the line) at USD 635,370 a tonne, 26 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 774,479 a tonne.
  7. Medical, surgical or dental instruments and appliances: n.e.c. in heading no. 9018HS 901890Japan: USD 321m at USD 291,273 a tonne. United States: USD 772m (17 per cent of the line) at USD 97,645 a tonne, 67 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 97,309 a tonne.
  8. Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1000 but not over 1500ccHS 870322Japan: USD 289m at USD 14,715 a tonne. Portugal: USD 695m (8 per cent of the line) at USD 11,321 a tonne, 23 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 13,270 a tonne.
  9. Electrical apparatus: transistors, (other than photosensitive), with a dissipation rate of 1W or moreHS 854129Japan: USD 288m at USD 323,832 a tonne. Hungary: USD 231m (10 per cent of the line) at USD 171,136 a tonne, 47 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 477,445 a tonne.
  10. Instruments and apparatus: using optical radiations (UV, visible, IR), (other than spectrometers, spectrophotometers and spectrographs)HS 902750Japan: USD 283m at USD 520,469 a tonne. United States: USD 255m (24 per cent of the line) at USD 365,014 a tonne, 30 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 385,464 a tonne.
  11. Turbines: parts of turbo-jets and turbo-propellersHS 841191Japan: USD 264m at USD 3.2m a tonne. United States: USD 2.3bn (34 per cent of the line) at USD 726,503 a tonne, 78 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 1.1m a tonne.
  12. Ignition or starting equipment: spark plugs, of a kind used for spark or compression-ignition internal combustion enginesHS 851110Japan: USD 260m at USD 54,731 a tonne. China: USD 10m (2 per cent of the line) at USD 14,359 a tonne, 74 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 65,535 a tonne.
  13. Reagents: diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing, prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents whether or not on a backing, whether or not put up in the form of...HS 382219Japan: USD 258m at USD 309,402 a tonne. United States: USD 1.6bn (39 per cent of the line) at USD 156,023 a tonne, 50 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 153,596 a tonne.
  14. Electronic integrated circuits: n.e.c. in heading no. 8542HS 854239Japan: USD 241m at USD 1.3m a tonne. Malaysia: USD 1.1bn (15 per cent of the line) at USD 668,713 a tonne, 47 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 997,731 a tonne.
  15. Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity over 2500ccHS 870333Japan: USD 234m at USD 22,251 a tonne. South Africa: USD 55m (2 per cent of the line) at USD 15,247 a tonne, 32 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 20,089 a tonne.
  16. Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, capable of being charged by plugging to external source of...HS 870360Japan: USD 218m at USD 17,463 a tonne. Netherlands: USD 38m (1 per cent of the line) at USD 8,746 a tonne, 50 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 22,213 a tonne.
  17. Chemical elements: doped for use in electronics, in the form of discs, wafers or similar forms: chemical compounds doped for use in electronicsHS 381800Japan: USD 206m at USD 741,009 a tonne. Taiwan: USD 85m (12 per cent of the line) at USD 548,519 a tonne, 26 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 686,275 a tonne.
  18. Vehicles: with only electric motor for propulsionHS 870380Japan: USD 189m at USD 19,888 a tonne. China: USD 2.2bn (29 per cent of the line) at USD 15,530 a tonne, 22 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 19,888 a tonne.
  19. Electrical static convertersHS 850440Japan: USD 178m at USD 80,673 a tonne. China: USD 2.3bn (26 per cent of the line) at USD 34,491 a tonne, 57 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 59,810 a tonne.
  20. Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.c. in chapter 90HS 903149Japan: USD 146m at USD 697,768 a tonne. China: USD 95m (13 per cent of the line) at USD 254,250 a tonne, 64 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 321,679 a tonne.
What this record says

What crossed the border, what it was worth, and what it weighed.

Every figure on this page is from CEPII's BACI file, which reconciles what each pair of countries reports to the UN about the same shipment. Trade year 2024, compared with 2022. A line is one six-digit customs heading (HS 2022). Values are in US dollars at the border; growth is in current dollars, so part of any change is price, not volume.

Unit value. Unit values are customs values per tonne, declared at the border, not product prices. It is the value of a line divided by its declared weight, so it mixes grades, models and qualities under one heading. It is shown only where the weight is recorded, at least three source countries of USD 100k or more ship the line to Germany with a weight, and the figure sits within a factor of five of the middle of those sources. Outside that band it is treated as a recording problem and left out.

Share is Japan's part of everything Germany imported in that line, from every source. Sources counts the countries that shipped any of it.

Scope. Manufactured and processed goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, without ores, fuels, precious metals, scrap, raw farm output and one-off capital and defence purchases: the same rule as the Made here pages.

What it does not say

A record of trade, not a shopping list.

What this record does not say: what sells at retail, what margin a trade leaves, how crowded the marketplaces are, or how much of a flow is re-exported through entrepots such as Hong Kong and Singapore.

A large line is not proof of an opening, and a lower unit value from another country is not proof the goods are the same. Tariffs, standards, freight, payment terms, lead times and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. Nothing on this page is a forecast, a recommendation or a promise. No supplier company is named, because the record holds none.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601. Edition of 2026-11-03.

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