Trade lane

What Germany buys from Italy.

Germany imported USD 64bn of manufactured and processed goods from Italy in 2024, down 8 per cent on 2022. That is 6 per cent of everything Germany imported in these lines, and Italy is its number 6 source. Below: the 50 largest lines, the fastest growing, where Italy dominates, and where another country ships the same line for less a tonne.

Trade year 2024, compared with 2022. Unit values are customs values per tonne, declared at the border, not product prices.

USD 64bnfrom Italy in 2024 (USD 69bn in 2022)
6 per centof Germany's imports in these lines, USD 1.1tn from every source
2,254product lines worth USD 1m or more on this lane
#6Italy's rank among Germany's sources
The top 50

The largest lines on the lane, by 2024 value.

Each line shows what Germany paid Italy for it at the border, Italy's share of everything Germany imported in that line, how it changed since 2022, and the customs unit value per tonne where the weight is recorded. Together they are 34 per cent of the lane.

  1. 1

    Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail saleHS 300490

    Share of Germany's imports7 per cent, 95 source countries
    Changedown 13 per cent on 2022 (USD 1.9bn in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 50,695 a tonne, 33,393 tonnes
    USD 1.7bnin 2024
  2. 2

    Medicaments: containing hormones (but not insulin), adrenal cortex hormones or antibiotics, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail saleHS 300439

    Share of Germany's imports45 per cent, 55 source countries
    Changeup 96 per cent on 2022 (USD 600m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 749,172 a tonne, 1,571 tonnes
    USD 1.2bnin 2024
  3. 3

    Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a gvw not exceeding 5 tonnes), n.e.c. in...HS 870421

    Share of Germany's imports19 per cent, 48 source countries
    Changeup 21 per cent on 2022 (USD 844m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 10,549 a tonne, 97,093 tonnes
    USD 1.0bnin 2024
  4. 4

    Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity over 3000ccHS 870324

    Share of Germany's imports20 per cent, 81 source countries
    Changeup 7 per cent on 2022 (USD 856m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 134,455 a tonne, 6,795 tonnes
    USD 914min 2024
  5. 5

    Vehicle parts and accessories: n.e.c. in heading no. 8708HS 870899

    Share of Germany's imports9 per cent, 100 source countries
    Changedown 15 per cent on 2022 (USD 1.0bn in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 7,758 a tonne, 109,282 tonnes
    USD 848min 2024
  6. 6

    Wine: still, in containers holding 2 litres or lessHS 220421

    Share of Germany's imports48 per cent, 76 source countries
    Changedown 8 per cent on 2022 (USD 913m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 3,678 a tonne, 228,607 tonnes
    USD 841min 2024
  7. 7

    Vehicle parts: brakes, servo-brakes and parts thereofHS 870830

    Share of Germany's imports17 per cent, 83 source countries
    Changeup 8 per cent on 2022 (USD 729m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 5,927 a tonne, 133,385 tonnes
    USD 791min 2024
  8. 8

    Insulated electric conductors: for a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts, not fitted with connectorsHS 854449

    Share of Germany's imports22 per cent, 100 source countries
    Changedown 19 per cent on 2022 (USD 970m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 7,966 a tonne, 98,768 tonnes
    USD 787min 2024
  9. 9

    Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity over 1500 but not over 2500ccHS 870332

    Share of Germany's imports7 per cent, 60 source countries
    Changeup 40 per cent on 2022 (USD 523m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 14,802 a tonne, 49,271 tonnes
    USD 729min 2024
  10. 10

    Electrical static convertersHS 850440

    Share of Germany's imports8 per cent, 129 source countries
    Changeup 88 per cent on 2022 (USD 364m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 39,750 a tonne, 17,253 tonnes
    USD 686min 2024
  11. 11

    Iron or steel: articles n.e.c. in heading 7326HS 732690

    Share of Germany's imports10 per cent, 129 source countries
    Changedown 17 per cent on 2022 (USD 713m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 4,845 a tonne, 122,138 tonnes
    USD 592min 2024
  12. 12

    Blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products: immunological products, put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail...HS 300215

    Share of Germany's imports4 per cent, 61 source countries
    Changeup 50 per cent on 2022 (USD 384m in 2022)
    Unit valuenot shown: weight missing or out of range
    USD 574min 2024
  13. 13

    Food preparations: pasta, uncooked (excluding that containing eggs), not stuffed or otherwise preparedHS 190219

    Share of Germany's imports86 per cent, 70 source countries
    Changeup 11 per cent on 2022 (USD 492m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 1,349 a tonne, 405,156 tonnes
    USD 547min 2024
  14. 14

    Plastics: other articles n.e.c. in chapter 39HS 392690

    Share of Germany's imports7 per cent, 140 source countries
    Changelevel with 2022 (USD 493m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 9,781 a tonne, 50,276 tonnes
    USD 492min 2024
  15. 15

    Aluminium: articles n.e.c. in heading 7616HS 761699

    Share of Germany's imports16 per cent, 103 source countries
    Changedown 18 per cent on 2022 (USD 594m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 8,723 a tonne, 55,954 tonnes
    USD 488min 2024
  16. 16

    Food preparations: bakers' wares n.e.c. in heading no. 1605, whether or not containing cocoa: communion wafers, empty cachets suitable for pharmaceutical use, sealing...HS 190590

    Share of Germany's imports16 per cent, 109 source countries
    Changeup 20 per cent on 2022 (USD 357m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 4,429 a tonne, 96,330 tonnes
    USD 427min 2024
  17. 17

    Ceramic tiles: flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles other than those of subheadings 6907.30 and 6907.40, of a water absorption coefficient by weight not over 0.5%HS 690721

    Share of Germany's imports57 per cent, 48 source countries
    Changedown 31 per cent on 2022 (USD 617m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 765 a tonne, 553,840 tonnes
    USD 424min 2024
  18. 18

    Iron or steel: threaded screws and bolts n.e.c. in item no. 7318.1, whether or not with their nuts or washersHS 731815

    Share of Germany's imports22 per cent, 107 source countries
    Changedown 5 per cent on 2022 (USD 447m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 4,072 a tonne, 103,915 tonnes
    USD 423min 2024
  19. 19

    Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances: for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including thermostatically controlled valvesHS 848180

    Share of Germany's imports11 per cent, 113 source countries
    Changedown 21 per cent on 2022 (USD 527m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 21,344 a tonne, 19,425 tonnes
    USD 415min 2024
  20. 20

    Footwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6403, (not covering the ankle), outer soles of rubber, plastics or composition leather, uppers of leatherHS 640399

    Share of Germany's imports9 per cent, 118 source countries
    Changedown 3 per cent on 2022 (USD 347m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 77,368 a tonne, 4,340 tonnes
    USD 336min 2024
  21. 21

    Electric motors and generators: parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machines of heading no. 8501 or 8502HS 850300

    Share of Germany's imports9 per cent, 85 source countries
    Changedown 20 per cent on 2022 (USD 419m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 6,136 a tonne, 54,585 tonnes
    USD 335min 2024
  22. 22

    Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), welded, of square or rectangular cross-section, n.e.c. in chapter 73HS 730661

    Share of Germany's imports50 per cent, 46 source countries
    Changedown 29 per cent on 2022 (USD 443m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 1,176 a tonne, 268,279 tonnes
    USD 316min 2024
  23. 23

    Aluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm, alloys, rectangular (including square)HS 760612

    Share of Germany's imports10 per cent, 62 source countries
    Changedown 26 per cent on 2022 (USD 409m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 3,760 a tonne, 80,908 tonnes
    USD 304min 2024
  24. 24

    Heterocyclic compounds: with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused furan ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, n.e.c. in item no. 2932.1HS 293219

    Share of Germany's imports89 per cent, 30 source countries
    Changeup 116 per cent on 2022 (USD 133m in 2022)
    Unit valuenot shown: weight missing or out of range
    USD 287min 2024
  25. 25

    Vegetable preparations: tomatoes, (other than whole or in pieces), prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acidHS 200290

    Share of Germany's imports48 per cent, 47 source countries
    Changeup 17 per cent on 2022 (USD 240m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 1,719 a tonne, 163,426 tonnes
    USD 281min 2024
  26. 26

    Turbines: parts of gas turbines (excluding turbo-jets and turbo-propellers)HS 841199

    Share of Germany's imports16 per cent, 70 source countries
    Changeup 48 per cent on 2022 (USD 185m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 192,237 a tonne, 1,431 tonnes
    USD 275min 2024
  27. 27

    Gears and gearing: (not toothed wheels, chain sprockets and other transmission elements presented separately): ball or roller screws: gear boxes and other speed...HS 848340

    Share of Germany's imports18 per cent, 87 source countries
    Changedown 19 per cent on 2022 (USD 339m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 12,793 a tonne, 21,484 tonnes
    USD 275min 2024
  28. 28

    Vehicles: parts and accessories, of bodies, other than safety seat beltsHS 870829

    Share of Germany's imports3 per cent, 92 source countries
    Changeup 4 per cent on 2022 (USD 262m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 11,783 a tonne, 23,214 tonnes
    USD 274min 2024
  29. 29

    Rubber: new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on motor cars (including station wagons and racing cars)HS 401110

    Share of Germany's imports5 per cent, 79 source countries
    Changeup 50 per cent on 2022 (USD 179m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 7,888 a tonne, 34,186 tonnes
    USD 270min 2024
  30. 30

    Plastics: plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, other than cellularHS 392190

    Share of Germany's imports21 per cent, 85 source countries
    Changedown 18 per cent on 2022 (USD 329m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 4,909 a tonne, 54,831 tonnes
    USD 269min 2024
  31. 31

    Vehicle parts: gear boxes and parts thereofHS 870840

    Share of Germany's imports5 per cent, 79 source countries
    Changedown 25 per cent on 2022 (USD 355m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 15,067 a tonne, 17,615 tonnes
    USD 265min 2024
  32. 32

    Iron or non-alloy steel (excluding cast iron): tubes and pipes (not seamless), welded, of circular cross-section, n.e.c. in chapter 73HS 730630

    Share of Germany's imports40 per cent, 55 source countries
    Changedown 33 per cent on 2022 (USD 389m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 1,256 a tonne, 207,765 tonnes
    USD 261min 2024
  33. 33

    Aluminium: alloys, bars, rods and profiles, other than hollowHS 760429

    Share of Germany's imports13 per cent, 72 source countries
    Changedown 45 per cent on 2022 (USD 471m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 4,580 a tonne, 56,780 tonnes
    USD 260min 2024
  34. 34

    Perfumes and toilet watersHS 330300

    Share of Germany's imports13 per cent, 92 source countries
    Changeup 64 per cent on 2022 (USD 158m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 52,363 a tonne, 4,959 tonnes
    USD 260min 2024
  35. 35

    Steel, stainless: tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, welded, of circular cross-section, n.e.c. in chapter 73HS 730640

    Share of Germany's imports60 per cent, 57 source countries
    Changedown 26 per cent on 2022 (USD 348m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 4,463 a tonne, 57,903 tonnes
    USD 258min 2024
  36. 36

    Pumps: fuel, lubricating or cooling medium pumps for internal combustion piston enginesHS 841330

    Share of Germany's imports18 per cent, 97 source countries
    Changeup 50 per cent on 2022 (USD 169m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 31,177 a tonne, 8,172 tonnes
    USD 255min 2024
  37. 37

    Vehicle parts: drive-axles with differential, whether or not provided with other transmission components, and non-driving axles: parts thereofHS 870850

    Share of Germany's imports9 per cent, 73 source countries
    Changedown 15 per cent on 2022 (USD 294m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 6,090 a tonne, 41,229 tonnes
    USD 251min 2024
  38. 38

    Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa: n.e.c. in chapter 18HS 180690

    Share of Germany's imports16 per cent, 93 source countries
    Changeup 59 per cent on 2022 (USD 151m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 7,504 a tonne, 31,955 tonnes
    USD 240min 2024
  39. 39

    Engines: parts, suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines (for other than aircraft)HS 840991

    Share of Germany's imports9 per cent, 100 source countries
    Changedown 8 per cent on 2022 (USD 259m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 10,428 a tonne, 22,875 tonnes
    USD 239min 2024
  40. 40

    Engines: parts for internal combustion piston engines (excluding spark-ignition)HS 840999

    Share of Germany's imports7 per cent, 115 source countries
    Changedown 12 per cent on 2022 (USD 269m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 12,444 a tonne, 18,995 tonnes
    USD 236min 2024
  41. 41

    Motorcycles (including mopeds): parts and accessoriesHS 871410

    Share of Germany's imports29 per cent, 69 source countries
    Changedown 7 per cent on 2022 (USD 254m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 35,855 a tonne, 6,552 tonnes
    USD 235min 2024
  42. 42

    Vegetable preparations: tomatoes, whole or in pieces, prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acidHS 200210

    Share of Germany's imports75 per cent, 50 source countries
    Changedown 5 per cent on 2022 (USD 246m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 1,149 a tonne, 204,014 tonnes
    USD 234min 2024
  43. 43

    Steel, stainless: flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, cold-rolled, of a thickness exceeding 1mm but less than 3mmHS 721933

    Share of Germany's imports26 per cent, 40 source countries
    Changedown 42 per cent on 2022 (USD 403m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 2,747 a tonne, 85,199 tonnes
    USD 234min 2024
  44. 44

    Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), gaskets, washers and other seals, of non-cellular rubberHS 401693

    Share of Germany's imports15 per cent, 110 source countries
    Changeup 5 per cent on 2022 (USD 220m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 43,191 a tonne, 5,367 tonnes
    USD 232min 2024
  45. 45

    Vehicle parts: road wheels and parts and accessories thereofHS 870870

    Share of Germany's imports10 per cent, 77 source countries
    Changedown 30 per cent on 2022 (USD 327m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 6,810 a tonne, 33,595 tonnes
    USD 229min 2024
  46. 46

    Sauces and preparations therefor: mixed condiments and mixed seasoningsHS 210390

    Share of Germany's imports27 per cent, 107 source countries
    Changeup 43 per cent on 2022 (USD 160m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 3,888 a tonne, 58,840 tonnes
    USD 229min 2024
  47. 47

    Machinery: parts of machines handling earth, minerals or ores and n.e.c. in heading no. 8431HS 843149

    Share of Germany's imports11 per cent, 87 source countries
    Changelevel with 2022 (USD 220m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 5,652 a tonne, 39,004 tonnes
    USD 220min 2024
  48. 48

    Cases and containers: handbags (whether or not with shoulder strap and including those without handle), with outer surface of leather or of composition leatherHS 420221

    Share of Germany's imports31 per cent, 97 source countries
    Changeup 7 per cent on 2022 (USD 199m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 238,128 a tonne, 896 tonnes
    USD 213min 2024
  49. 49

    Sunglasses: corrective, protective or otherHS 900410

    Share of Germany's imports43 per cent, 82 source countries
    Changeup 6 per cent on 2022 (USD 198m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 374,283 a tonne, 561 tonnes
    USD 210min 2024
  50. 50

    Iron or non-alloy steel: (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness exceeding 10mmHS 720851

    Share of Germany's imports26 per cent, 40 source countries
    Changedown 33 per cent on 2022 (USD 307m in 2022)
    Unit valueUSD 823 a tonne, 250,259 tonnes
    USD 206min 2024
Fastest growing

The lines that grew most since 2022.

Lines worth at least USD 5m in 2022, ranked by growth to 2024 in current dollars. A fast rise can be a new product, a shift away from another source, or a price change; the record does not say which.

  1. Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. exceeding 20 tonnes), n.e.c. in...HS 870423USD 72m in 2024, from USD 6m in 2022. Italy supplies 3 per cent of the line.
  2. Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. exceeding 5 tonnes but not...HS 870422USD 100m in 2024, from USD 10m in 2022. Italy supplies 9 per cent of the line.
  3. Electrical transformers: liquid dielectric, having a power handling capacity exceeding 10,000kVAHS 850423USD 103m in 2024, from USD 12m in 2022. Italy supplies 28 per cent of the line.
  4. Vehicles: public transport type (carries 10 or more persons, including driver), with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or...HS 870210USD 56m in 2024, from USD 9m in 2022. Italy supplies 6 per cent of the line.
  5. Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, capable of being charged by plugging to external source of...HS 870360USD 62m in 2024, from USD 10m in 2022. Italy supplies 1 per cent of the line.
  6. Vacuum cleaners, with self-contained electric motor, of a power not exceeding 1,500 W and having a dust bag or other receptacle capacity not exceeding 20LHS 850811USD 80m in 2024, up 449 per cent on 2022 (USD 15m in 2022). Italy supplies 3 per cent of the line.
  7. Radar apparatusHS 852610USD 28m in 2024, up 413 per cent on 2022 (USD 6m in 2022). Italy supplies 4 per cent of the line.
  8. Lathes: for removing metal, numerically controlled, other than horizontal lathesHS 845891USD 21m in 2024, up 310 per cent on 2022 (USD 5m in 2022). Italy supplies 29 per cent of the line.
  9. Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, incapable of being charged by plugging to external source of...HS 870340USD 37m in 2024, up 258 per cent on 2022 (USD 10m in 2022). Italy supplies 1 per cent of the line.
  10. Navigational instruments and appliances: parts and accessoriesHS 901490USD 34m in 2024, up 252 per cent on 2022 (USD 10m in 2022). Italy supplies 23 per cent of the line.
  11. Machinery: n.e.c. in heading no. 8441, for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboardHS 844180USD 28m in 2024, up 219 per cent on 2022 (USD 9m in 2022). Italy supplies 37 per cent of the line.
  12. Aluminium: casks, drums, cans, boxes and the like for any material (not compressed or liquefied gas), 300l capacity or less, whether or not lined or heat-insulated, no...HS 761290USD 17m in 2024, up 200 per cent on 2022 (USD 6m in 2022). Italy supplies 4 per cent of the line.
  13. Steel, stainless: flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, in coils, of a thickness of less than 3mmHS 721914USD 29m in 2024, up 189 per cent on 2022 (USD 10m in 2022). Italy supplies 16 per cent of the line.
  14. Food preparations: rusks, toasted bread and similar toasted products, whether or not containing cocoaHS 190540USD 19m in 2024, up 182 per cent on 2022 (USD 7m in 2022). Italy supplies 20 per cent of the line.
  15. Food preparations: obtained by the swelling or roasting of cereals or cereal productsHS 190410USD 26m in 2024, up 181 per cent on 2022 (USD 9m in 2022). Italy supplies 7 per cent of the line.
  16. Heterocyclic compounds: with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, no lactones or unfused furan rings in the structure, other than isosafrole, 1-(1,3-benzodiaxol-5-yl)...HS 293299USD 17m in 2024, up 175 per cent on 2022 (USD 6m in 2022). Italy supplies 10 per cent of the line.
  17. Waters: including mineral and aerated, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavouredHS 220210USD 33m in 2024, up 172 per cent on 2022 (USD 12m in 2022). Italy supplies 3 per cent of the line.
  18. Steel, stainless: tube or pipe fittings, butt welding fittingsHS 730723USD 20m in 2024, up 148 per cent on 2022 (USD 8m in 2022). Italy supplies 19 per cent of the line.
  19. Furnaces and ovens: parts of non-electric furnaces and ovens (including incinerators), of industrial or laboratory useHS 841790USD 56m in 2024, up 144 per cent on 2022 (USD 23m in 2022). Italy supplies 33 per cent of the line.
  20. Juice: apple, of a Brix value not exceeding 20, unfermented, (not containing added spirit), whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matterHS 200971USD 22m in 2024, up 141 per cent on 2022 (USD 9m in 2022). Italy supplies 27 per cent of the line.
Where Italy dominates

Lines where Italy supplies 60 per cent or more.

The largest lines worth USD 1m or more where Italy ships at least 60 per cent of what Germany imports. This is supply concentration: how much of the line depends on one source country.

  1. Food preparations: pasta, uncooked (excluding that containing eggs), not stuffed or otherwise preparedHS 19021986 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 547m; 70 source countries in all.
  2. Heterocyclic compounds: with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused furan ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, n.e.c. in item no. 2932.1HS 29321989 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 287m; 30 source countries in all.
  3. Steel, stainless: tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, welded, of circular cross-section, n.e.c. in chapter 73HS 73064060 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 258m; 57 source countries in all.
  4. Vegetable preparations: tomatoes, whole or in pieces, prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acidHS 20021075 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 234m; 50 source countries in all.
  5. Aluminium: sanitary ware and parts thereofHS 76152071 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 59m; 43 source countries in all.
  6. Vinegar and substitutes for vinegar: obtained from acetic acidHS 22090064 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 53m; 62 source countries in all.
  7. Juice: grape, of a Brix value not exceeding 30, unfermented, (not containing added spirit), whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matterHS 20096165 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 33m; 26 source countries in all.
  8. Fabrics, woven: 3- or 4-thread twill, including cross twill, printed, containing less than 85% by weight of polyester staple fibres, mixed mainly or solely with cotton...HS 55144287 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 33m; 25 source countries in all.
  9. Fabrics, woven: of combed wool or combed fine animal hair, containing 85% or more by weight of wool or fine animal hair, of a weight not exceeding 200g/m2HS 51121183 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 32m; 32 source countries in all.
  10. Machine-tools: bending, folding, straightening or flattening machines (including presses), for working metal, numerically controlled bending, folding, straightening or...HS 84622672 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 18m; 24 source countries in all.
  11. Machines: parts, (other than cylinders), for calendering or other rolling machines, for other than metal or glassHS 84209972 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 14m; 33 source countries in all.
  12. Stoppers: corks, of base metalHS 83091080 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 13m; 43 source countries in all.
  13. Fabrics, woven: of artificial filament yarn, containing 85% or more by weight of artificial filament, strip or the like, dyedHS 54082265 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 12m; 36 source countries in all.
  14. Fabrics, woven: of carded wool or carded fine animal hair, containing less than 85% by weight of wool or fine animal hair, mixed mainly or solely with man-made staple...HS 51113070 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 11m; 31 source countries in all.
  15. Furnaces: furnace burners, for liquid fuelHS 84161062 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 11m; 41 source countries in all.
  16. Fabrics, woven: of acrylic or modacrylic staple fibres n.e.c. in chapter 55, mixed mainly or solely with fibres n.e.c. in item no. 5515.2HS 55152989 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 10m; 20 source countries in all.
  17. Threshing machinery: other than combine harvester-threshersHS 84335287 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 10m; 19 source countries in all.
  18. Asbestos or mixtures with a basis of asbestos (other than crocidolite): clothing, clothing accessories, footwear and headgear, whether or not reinforced, not goods of...HS 68129197 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 9m; 13 source countries in all.
  19. Steel, alloy: bars and rods, of silico-manganese steelHS 72282078 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 8m; 17 source countries in all.
  20. Machine-tools: hot forming machines, hot hammers, for working metalHS 84621974 per cent of Germany's imports of the line, USD 7m; 20 source countries in all.
Another source, lower unit value

Where another country ships the same line for at least 20 per cent less a tonne.

Lines worth USD 5m or more where Italy's unit value is recorded and another country also ships at least USD 5m of the same line to Germany at a unit value at least 20 per cent lower. The largest such source is named. The same heading can hold different grades, so a lower figure is a question to ask, not a like-for-like price.

  1. Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail saleHS 300490Italy: USD 1.7bn at USD 50,695 a tonne. France: USD 1.8bn (7 per cent of the line) at USD 19,752 a tonne, 61 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 75,438 a tonne.
  2. Medicaments: containing hormones (but not insulin), adrenal cortex hormones or antibiotics, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail saleHS 300439Italy: USD 1.2bn at USD 749,172 a tonne. France: USD 315m (12 per cent of the line) at USD 189,268 a tonne, 75 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 448,504 a tonne.
  3. Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a gvw not exceeding 5 tonnes), n.e.c. in...HS 870421Italy: USD 1.0bn at USD 10,549 a tonne. Thailand: USD 27m (1 per cent of the line) at USD 7,481 a tonne, 29 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 11,853 a tonne.
  4. Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity over 3000ccHS 870324Italy: USD 914m at USD 134,455 a tonne. Slovakia: USD 958m (21 per cent of the line) at USD 22,516 a tonne, 83 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 64,877 a tonne.
  5. Vehicle parts and accessories: n.e.c. in heading no. 8708HS 870899Italy: USD 848m at USD 7,758 a tonne. Turkey: USD 493m (6 per cent of the line) at USD 5,058 a tonne, 35 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 11,780 a tonne.
  6. Wine: still, in containers holding 2 litres or lessHS 220421Italy: USD 841m at USD 3,678 a tonne. Spain: USD 190m (11 per cent of the line) at USD 2,260 a tonne, 39 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 4,749 a tonne.
  7. Vehicle parts: brakes, servo-brakes and parts thereofHS 870830Italy: USD 791m at USD 5,927 a tonne. Poland: USD 940m (20 per cent of the line) at USD 4,480 a tonne, 24 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 7,838 a tonne.
  8. Insulated electric conductors: for a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts, not fitted with connectorsHS 854449Italy: USD 787m at USD 7,966 a tonne. Romania: USD 84m (2 per cent of the line) at USD 6,075 a tonne, 24 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 8,754 a tonne.
  9. Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity over 1500 but not over 2500ccHS 870332Italy: USD 729m at USD 14,802 a tonne. Portugal: USD 149m (1 per cent of the line) at USD 10,440 a tonne, 30 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 16,373 a tonne.
  10. Iron or steel: articles n.e.c. in heading 7326HS 732690Italy: USD 592m at USD 4,845 a tonne. China: USD 771m (14 per cent of the line) at USD 3,783 a tonne, 22 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 6,001 a tonne.
  11. Food preparations: pasta, uncooked (excluding that containing eggs), not stuffed or otherwise preparedHS 190219Italy: USD 547m at USD 1,349 a tonne. Turkey: USD 7m (1 per cent of the line) at USD 888 a tonne, 34 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 2,073 a tonne.
  12. Plastics: other articles n.e.c. in chapter 39HS 392690Italy: USD 492m at USD 9,781 a tonne. Netherlands: USD 395m (6 per cent of the line) at USD 6,970 a tonne, 29 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 13,693 a tonne.
  13. Food preparations: bakers' wares n.e.c. in heading no. 1605, whether or not containing cocoa: communion wafers, empty cachets suitable for pharmaceutical use, sealing...HS 190590Italy: USD 427m at USD 4,429 a tonne. France: USD 460m (17 per cent of the line) at USD 3,515 a tonne, 21 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 3,504 a tonne.
  14. Ceramic tiles: flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles other than those of subheadings 6907.30 and 6907.40, of a water absorption coefficient by weight not over 0.5%HS 690721Italy: USD 424m at USD 765 a tonne. Turkey: USD 68m (9 per cent of the line) at USD 410 a tonne, 46 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 667 a tonne.
  15. Iron or steel: threaded screws and bolts n.e.c. in item no. 7318.1, whether or not with their nuts or washersHS 731815Italy: USD 423m at USD 4,072 a tonne. China: USD 168m (9 per cent of the line) at USD 2,408 a tonne, 41 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 6,181 a tonne.
  16. Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances: for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including thermostatically controlled valvesHS 848180Italy: USD 415m at USD 21,344 a tonne. China: USD 576m (15 per cent of the line) at USD 13,954 a tonne, 35 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 35,049 a tonne.
  17. Footwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6403, (not covering the ankle), outer soles of rubber, plastics or composition leather, uppers of leatherHS 640399Italy: USD 336m at USD 77,368 a tonne. Vietnam: USD 918m (25 per cent of the line) at USD 36,847 a tonne, 52 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 47,389 a tonne.
  18. Electric motors and generators: parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machines of heading no. 8501 or 8502HS 850300Italy: USD 335m at USD 6,136 a tonne. Lithuania: USD 18m (1 per cent of the line) at USD 3,123 a tonne, 49 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 14,870 a tonne.
  19. Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), welded, of square or rectangular cross-section, n.e.c. in chapter 73HS 730661Italy: USD 316m at USD 1,176 a tonne. Bulgaria: USD 32m (5 per cent of the line) at USD 825 a tonne, 30 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 1,130 a tonne.
  20. Vegetable preparations: tomatoes, (other than whole or in pieces), prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acidHS 200290Italy: USD 281m at USD 1,719 a tonne. Turkey: USD 19m (3 per cent of the line) at USD 1,341 a tonne, 22 per cent lower. Middle of all sources: USD 1,535 a tonne.
What this record says

What crossed the border, what it was worth, and what it weighed.

Every figure on this page is from CEPII's BACI file, which reconciles what each pair of countries reports to the UN about the same shipment. Trade year 2024, compared with 2022. A line is one six-digit customs heading (HS 2022). Values are in US dollars at the border; growth is in current dollars, so part of any change is price, not volume.

Unit value. Unit values are customs values per tonne, declared at the border, not product prices. It is the value of a line divided by its declared weight, so it mixes grades, models and qualities under one heading. It is shown only where the weight is recorded, at least three source countries of USD 100k or more ship the line to Germany with a weight, and the figure sits within a factor of five of the middle of those sources. Outside that band it is treated as a recording problem and left out.

Share is Italy's part of everything Germany imported in that line, from every source. Sources counts the countries that shipped any of it.

Scope. Manufactured and processed goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, without ores, fuels, precious metals, scrap, raw farm output and one-off capital and defence purchases: the same rule as the Made here pages.

What it does not say

A record of trade, not a shopping list.

What this record does not say: what sells at retail, what margin a trade leaves, how crowded the marketplaces are, or how much of a flow is re-exported through entrepots such as Hong Kong and Singapore.

A large line is not proof of an opening, and a lower unit value from another country is not proof the goods are the same. Tariffs, standards, freight, payment terms, lead times and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. Nothing on this page is a forecast, a recommendation or a promise. No supplier company is named, because the record holds none.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601. Edition of 2026-11-03.

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