The twenty imports Turkey is best placed to replace.

1. 1

   Sugars: sucrose, chemically pure, in solid form, not containing added flavouring or colouring matterHS 170199

   Comes fromMorocco 70%, 43 source countries

   Nearest export strengthSugar confectionery: (excluding chewing gum, including white... (exports USD 851m)

   Exports of this lineUSD 121m

   Countries that export it well44

   Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 329m, top 7 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 23 per cent (2); Morocco supplies 70 per cent (2).

   USD 329mdown 8% on 2022
2. 2

   Fertilizers, mineral or chemical: nitrogenous, urea, whether or not in aqueous solutionHS 310210

   Comes fromOman 56%, 35 source countries

   Nearest export strengthFertilizers, mineral or chemical: nitrogenous, ammonium nitrate... (exports USD 67m)

   Exports of this lineUSD 59m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 138m

   Countries that export it well27

   Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 881m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 25 per cent (2); Oman supplies 56 per cent (1).

   USD 881mdown 52% on 2022
3. 3

   Insulated electric conductors: ignition wiring sets and other wiring sets of a kind used in vehicles, aircraft or shipsHS 854430

   Comes fromMorocco 32%, 78 source countries

   Nearest export strengthInsulated electric conductors: for a voltage not exceeding 1000... (exports USD 2.5bn)

   Exports of this lineUSD 446m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 414m

   Countries that export it well30

   Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 572m, top 3 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 8 per cent (3).

   USD 572mup 37% on 2022
4. 4

   Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of...HS 230630

   Comes fromRussia 76%, 7 source countries

   Nearest export strengthOil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the... (exports USD 541m)

   Exports of this lineUSD 23m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 30m

   Countries that export it well23

   Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 377m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 40 per cent (1); Russia supplies 76 per cent (2).

   USD 377mup 69% on 2022
5. 5

   Fertilizers, mineral or chemical: diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)HS 310530

   Comes fromMorocco 70%, 15 source countries

   Nearest export strengthFertilizers, mineral or chemical: nitrogenous, ammonium nitrate... (exports USD 67m)

   Exports of this lineUSD 105m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 208m

   Countries that export it well17

   Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 361m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 31 per cent (1); Morocco supplies 70 per cent (2).

   USD 361mup 70% on 2022
6. 6

   Tricycles, scooters, pedal cars and similar wheeled toys: dolls' carriages: dolls: other toys: reduced-size (scale)...HS 950300

   Comes fromChina 64%, 102 source countries

   Nearest export strengthAmusement park rides and water park amusements: water park amusements (exports USD 41m)

   Exports of this lineUSD 94m

   Countries that export it well12

   Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 306m, top 7 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 50 per cent (1); China supplies 64 per cent (2).

   USD 306mup 49% on 2022
7. 7

   Bran, sharps and other residues: of wheat, whether or not in the form of pellets, derived from the sifting, milling or...HS 230230

   Comes fromRussia 81%, 18 source countries

   Nearest export strengthOil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the... (exports USD 541m)

   Exports of this lineUSD 1m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 97m

   Countries that export it well49

   Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 297m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 26 per cent (1); Russia supplies 81 per cent (2).

   USD 297mdown 8% on 2022
8. 8

   Copper: refined, unwrought, n.e.c. in item no. 7403.1HS 740319

   Comes fromKazakhstan 78%, 14 source countries

   Nearest export strengthCopper: wire, of refined copper, of which the maximum... (exports USD 664m)

   Exports of this lineUSD 39m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 3.2bn

   Countries that export it well26

   Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 274m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 27 per cent (1); Kazakhstan supplies 78 per cent (2).

   USD 274mfrom USD 19m in 2022
9. 9

   Footwear: (other than sportswear), with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materialsHS 640419

   Comes fromChina 37%, 90 source countries

   Nearest export strengthFootwear: n.e.c. in chapter 64 (exports USD 29m)

   Exports of this lineUSD 147m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 143m

   Countries that export it well24

   Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 488m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 19 per cent (2).

   USD 488mup 65% on 2022
10. 10

    Tobacco: partly or wholly stemmed or strippedHS 240120

    Comes fromBelgium 13%, 42 source countries

    Nearest export strengthCigarettes: containing tobacco (exports USD 531m)

    Exports of this lineUSD 94m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 21m

    Countries that export it well27

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 486m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 15 per cent (2).

    USD 486mup 28% on 2022
11. 11

    Footwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6403, (not covering the ankle), outer soles of rubber, plastics or composition...HS 640399

    Comes fromVietnam 27%, 96 source countries

    Nearest export strengthFootwear: n.e.c. in chapter 64 (exports USD 29m)

    Exports of this lineUSD 290m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 151m

    Countries that export it well26

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 383m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 16 per cent (2).

    USD 383mup 138% on 2022
12. 12

    Footwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6402, (other than just covering the ankle), with outer soles and uppers of rubber or...HS 640299

    Comes fromChina 40%, 89 source countries

    Nearest export strengthFootwear: n.e.c. in chapter 64 (exports USD 29m)

    Exports of this lineUSD 267m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 86m

    Countries that export it well16

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 361m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 28 per cent (1); China supplies 40 per cent (1).

    USD 361mup 118% on 2022
13. 13

    Semiconductor media: smart cards, whether or not recorded, excluding products of Chapter 37HS 852352

    Comes fromChina 47%, 89 source countries

    Nearest export strengthInsulated electric conductors: for a voltage not exceeding 1000... (exports USD 2.5bn)

    Exports of this lineUSD 15m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 95m

    Countries that export it well26

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 263m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 41 per cent (1); China supplies 47 per cent (1).

    USD 263mup 92% on 2022
14. 14

    Ferrous waste and scrap: of alloy steel (excluding stainless)HS 720429

    Comes fromCanada 45%, 22 source countries

    Nearest export strengthIron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or... (exports USD 2.0bn)

    Exports of this lineUSD 9m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 8.0bn

    Countries that export it well41

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 260m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 44 per cent (1); Canada supplies 45 per cent (1).

    USD 260mdown 11% on 2022
15. 15

    Flours, meals and pellets: of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebratesHS 230120

    Comes fromMorocco 44%, 35 source countries

    Nearest export strengthOil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the... (exports USD 541m)

    Exports of this lineUSD 1m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 59m

    Countries that export it well34

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 254m, top 10 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 38 per cent (1); Morocco supplies 44 per cent (1).

    USD 254mdown 15% on 2022
16. 16

    Electric motors: AC motors, single-phaseHS 850140

    Comes fromChina 73%, 55 source countries

    Nearest export strengthInsulated electric conductors: for a voltage not exceeding 1000... (exports USD 2.5bn)

    Exports of this lineUSD 52m; 9 more lines in the heading, USD 919m

    Countries that export it well14

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 191m, top 13 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 43 per cent (1); China supplies 73 per cent (2).

    USD 191mup 14% on 2022
17. 17

    Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk: ungroundHS 251010

    Comes fromMorocco 80%, 7 source countries

    Nearest export strengthCement: portland, other than white, whether or not artificially... (exports USD 840m)

    Exports of this lineUSD 11k; 1 more line in the heading, USD 72m

    Countries that export it well12

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 140m, top 18 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 42 per cent (1); Morocco supplies 80 per cent (2).

    USD 140mup 34% on 2022
18. 18

    Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: fitted with auxiliary motor, with electric motor for propulsion, with or...HS 871160

    Comes fromChina 86%, 22 source countries

    Nearest export strengthVehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston... (exports USD 6.2bn)

    Exports of this lineUSD 45m; 5 more lines in the heading, USD 1.1bn

    Countries that export it well16

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 91m, top 25 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 47 per cent (1); China supplies 86 per cent (2).

    USD 91mup 95% on 2022
19. 19

    Hats and other headgear: knitted or crocheted, or made up from lace, felt or other textile fabric, in the piece (but...HS 650500

    Comes fromChina 74%, 100 source countries

    Nearest export strengthHeadgear: safety, whether or not lined or trimmed (exports USD 55m)

    Exports of this lineUSD 76m

    Countries that export it well20

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 48m, top 42 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 20 per cent (2); China supplies 74 per cent (2).

    USD 48mup 46% on 2022
20. 20

    Fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants: prepared or preserved, whether or not containing added sugar, other...HS 200899

    Comes fromIran 69%, 54 source countries

    Nearest export strengthNuts and other seeds: whether or not containing added sugar, other... (exports USD 1.1bn)

    Exports of this lineUSD 52m

    Countries that export it well37

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 41m, top 47 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 20 per cent (2); Iran supplies 69 per cent (2).

    USD 41mup 165% on 2022

One line per customs heading. Products Turkey already exports well and still imports are below, because they are a different conversation. No employment figures appear on this page, by decision.