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The twenty imports Finland is best placed to replace.

Finland imported USD 61bn of manufactured goods in 2024 and exported USD 70bn. These are the twenty that sit closest to what it already makes well and where one country supplies most of them.

USD 3.3bnthe twenty, imported in 2024
216products imported at scale, not yet exported well, and close to existing strengths
935products Finland already exports well
1041product lines imported at USD 10m or more
The twenty

Demand, capability, exposure. Nothing else is claimed.

Each line shows the import bill, where it comes from, the nearest thing Finland already exports well, and how many countries make it. It does not say whether a plant in Finland would pay. That reason is not in any trade record, and it is the maker's question.

This edition is trade and capability only, scored out of 8. The UK edition adds which public bodies buy each product and which region holds the capability; those layers are built only where a country publishes contract awards and regional trade, and Finland does not publish them in a form this record can read yet.

  1. 1

    Acyclic hydrocarbons: saturatedHS 290110

    Comes fromUnited States 99%, 24 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMonophenols: phenol (hydroxybenzene) and its salts (exports USD 177m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 14k; 1 more line in the heading, USD 16m
    Countries that export it well9

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 240m, top 3 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 49 per cent (1); United States supplies 99 per cent (2).

    USD 240mdown 27% on 2022
  2. 2

    Aluminium: unwrought, alloysHS 760120

    Comes fromNorway 61%, 21 source countries
    Nearest export strengthAluminium: waste and scrap (exports USD 130m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 19m
    Countries that export it well35

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 99m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 32 per cent (1); Norway supplies 61 per cent (2).

    USD 99mdown 41% on 2022
  3. 3

    Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity...HS 870332

    Comes fromGermany 43%, 33 source countries
    Nearest export strengthTractors: n.e.c. in heading no 8701 (other than tractors of heading... (exports USD 414m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 175m; 10 more lines in the heading, USD 2.4bn
    Countries that export it well23

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 204m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 27 per cent (1); Germany supplies 43 per cent (1).

    USD 204mdown 29% on 2022
  4. 4

    Aluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm, alloys, rectangular (including square)HS 760612

    Comes fromGermany 47%, 40 source countries
    Nearest export strengthAluminium: waste and scrap (exports USD 130m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 21m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 19m
    Countries that export it well22

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 155m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 39 per cent (1); Germany supplies 47 per cent (1).

    USD 155mdown 24% on 2022
  5. 5

    Valves: for oleohydraulic or pneumatic transmissionsHS 848120

    Comes fromGermany 42%, 58 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMachinery: for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use and... (exports USD 505m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 41m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 150m
    Countries that export it well16

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 133m, top 7 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 31 per cent (1); Germany supplies 42 per cent (1).

    USD 133mdown 20% on 2022
  6. 6

    Vehicle parts: drive-axles with differential, whether or not provided with other transmission components, and...HS 870850

    Comes fromGermany 52%, 57 source countries
    Nearest export strengthTractors: n.e.c. in heading no 8701 (other than tractors of heading... (exports USD 414m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 22m; 12 more lines in the heading, USD 1.1bn
    Countries that export it well18

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 102m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 44 per cent (1); Germany supplies 52 per cent (1).

    USD 102mdown 46% on 2022
  7. 7

    Products n.e.c. in heading 2404, intended for the intake of nicotine into the human body, for oral applicationHS 240491

    Comes fromSweden 43%, 19 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIndustrial robots
    Exports of this lineUSD 1m
    Countries that export it well16

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 76m, top 13 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 17 per cent (2); Sweden supplies 43 per cent (1).

    USD 76mup 173% on 2022
  8. 8

    Engines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the propulsion of vehicles of chapter 87, of a cylinder...HS 840734

    Comes fromGermany 96%, 28 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMachinery: for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use and... (exports USD 505m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 774k; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 60m
    Countries that export it well14

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 74m, top 14 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 30 per cent (1); Germany supplies 96 per cent (2).

    USD 74mdown 8% on 2022
  9. 9

    Undenatured ethyl alcohol: of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80% vol. or higherHS 220710

    Comes fromNetherlands 84%, 10 source countries
    Nearest export strengthVodka (exports USD 89m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 2m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 43m
    Countries that export it well34

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 49m, top 23 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 46 per cent (1); Netherlands supplies 84 per cent (2).

    USD 49mup 368% on 2022
  10. 10

    Blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products: immunological products, put up in...HS 300215

    Comes fromSwitzerland 30%, 34 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMedicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in... (exports USD 1.9bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 33m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 113m
    Countries that export it well17

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 492m, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 28 per cent (1).

    USD 492mup 37% on 2022
  11. 11

    Food preparations: bakers' wares n.e.c. in heading no. 1605, whether or not containing cocoa: communion wafers, empty...HS 190590

    Comes fromSweden 24%, 71 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFood preparations: crispbread, whether or not containing cocoa (exports USD 28m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 36m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 69m
    Countries that export it well47

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 303m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 41 per cent (1).

    USD 303mup 11% on 2022
  12. 12

    Plastics: other articles n.e.c. in chapter 39HS 392690

    Comes fromGermany 24%, 98 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPlastics: plates, sheets, film, foil and strip (not self-adhesive)... (exports USD 238m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 183m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 15m
    Countries that export it well23

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 292m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 34 per cent (1).

    USD 292mdown 10% on 2022
  13. 13

    Food preparations: n.e.c. in item no. 2106.10HS 210690

    Comes fromSweden 23%, 87 source countries
    Nearest export strengthHomogenised composite food preparations (exports USD 4m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 85m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 11m
    Countries that export it well51

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 236m, top 3 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 46 per cent (1).

    USD 236mup 13% on 2022
  14. 14

    Dog or cat food: put up for retail sale, used in animal feedingHS 230910

    Comes fromPoland 17%, 43 source countries
    Nearest export strengthOil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the... (exports USD 18m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 34m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 123m
    Countries that export it well26

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 175m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 36 per cent (1).

    USD 175mdown 3% on 2022
  15. 15

    Cosmetic and toilet preparations: n.e.c. in heading no. 3304, for the care of the skin (excluding medicaments...HS 330499

    Comes fromSweden 21%, 107 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPerfumes and deodorizers: perfuming or deodorizing preparations... (exports USD 16m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 49m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 55m
    Countries that export it well30

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 163m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 37 per cent (1).

    USD 163mup 15% on 2022
  16. 16

    Washing and cleaning preparations: powders, flakes and granules, surface-active, whether or not containing soap...HS 340250

    Comes fromDenmark 19%, 61 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPolishes, creams and similar preparations: for coachwork, other than... (exports USD 5m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 13m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 48m
    Countries that export it well39

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 108m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 43 per cent (1).

    USD 108mup 15% on 2022
  17. 17

    Pumps and compressors: for air, vacuum or gas, n.e.c. in heading no. 8414HS 841480

    Comes fromGermany 18%, 50 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMachinery: for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use and... (exports USD 505m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 71m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 148m
    Countries that export it well20

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 105m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 47 per cent (1).

    USD 105mup 9% on 2022
  18. 18

    Machinery: for filtering or purifying gases, other than intake air filters, catalytic converters or particulate...HS 842139

    Comes fromGermany 27%, 67 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMachinery: for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use and... (exports USD 505m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 49m; 5 more lines in the heading, USD 151m
    Countries that export it well20

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 99m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 32 per cent (1).

    USD 99mdown 9% on 2022
  19. 19

    Acrylic polymers: (other than polymethyl methacrylate), in primary formsHS 390690

    Comes fromGermany 40%, 38 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPlastics: plates, sheets, film, foil and strip (not self-adhesive)... (exports USD 238m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 54m
    Countries that export it well17

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 98m, top 10 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 43 per cent (1).

    USD 98mdown 14% on 2022
  20. 20

    Transmission shafts (including cam shafts and crank shafts) and cranksHS 848310

    Comes fromGermany 49%, 58 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMachinery: for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use and... (exports USD 505m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 33m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 60m
    Countries that export it well20

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 90m, top 10 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Finland's export strengths in the top 40 per cent (1); Germany supplies 49 per cent (1).

    USD 90mdown 7% on 2022

One line per customs heading. Products Finland already exports well and still imports are below, because they are a different conversation. No employment figures appear on this page, by decision.

Made here already, still imported

Scale conversations, not capability ones.

  • Ferrous waste and scrap: of stainless steel imports USD 1.0bn, exports USD 32m, top source Germany 46%
  • Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and... imports USD 951m, exports USD 268m, top source Sweden 31%
  • Electric accumulators: lithium-ion, including separators, whether or not... imports USD 1.2bn, exports USD 792m, top source China 79%
  • Engines: parts, for engines and motors of heading no. 8412 imports USD 416m, exports USD 43m, top source China 31%
  • Copper: unrefined, copper anodes for electrolytic refining imports USD 476m, exports USD 123m, top source Sweden 100%
  • Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.c. in heading 7308 imports USD 588m, exports USD 309m, top source Vietnam 27%
  • Chemical products: tall oil, whether or not refined imports USD 176m, exports USD 31m, top source United States 72%
  • Iron or steel: articles n.e.c. in heading 7326 imports USD 355m, exports USD 244m, top source Germany 20%
  • Sugar confectionery: (excluding chewing gum, including white chocolate), not... imports USD 137m, exports USD 61m, top source Sweden 24%
  • Machinery: parts of the machinery of heading no. 8427 imports USD 112m, exports USD 36m, top source Estonia 48%
How the twenty were chosen

Three scores, each from a field the record carries.

Import bill, 0 to 3, by percentile among the 1041 lines imported at USD 10m or more: above the median one point, top quarter two, top tenth three.

Proximity to export strengths, 0 to 3, on the same percentiles: the product-space method (Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabasi and Hausmann, Science 2007) on CEPII's BACI file of every bilateral trade flow for 2024, 157 countries and 5,388 products. Two products are close when the countries that export one well tend to export the other well. Only products in the upper half for proximity can enter the list at all: best placed is a proximity claim.

Supply concentration, 0 to 2: one point when a single country supplies 40 per cent or more, two at 60 per cent.

Scope. Manufactured goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, excluding ores, fuels and precious metals. Primary agriculture is out of scope for a page about manufacture.

What it cannot tell you

A map of where to look.

Trade data says what crossed the border, not why. Cost, scale, patents, tariffs and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. The world file reconciles what each pair of countries reports, so a national customs file would differ in detail. Nothing on this page is a forecast or a promise.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601, years 2022 to 2024. Edition of 2026-11-02. The UK edition with its procurement and regional layers is at /made-here/.

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