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The twenty imports Azerbaijan is best placed to replace.

Azerbaijan imported USD 15bn of manufactured goods in 2024 and exported USD 2.1bn. These are the twenty that sit closest to what it already makes well and where one country supplies most of them.

USD 1.3bnthe twenty, imported in 2024
146products imported at scale, not yet exported well, and close to existing strengths
130products Azerbaijan already exports well
326product lines imported at USD 10m or more
The twenty

Demand, capability, exposure. Nothing else is claimed.

Each line shows the import bill, where it comes from, the nearest thing Azerbaijan already exports well, and how many countries make it. It does not say whether a plant in Azerbaijan would pay. That reason is not in any trade record, and it is the maker's question.

This edition is trade and capability only, scored out of 8. The UK edition adds which public bodies buy each product and which region holds the capability; those layers are built only where a country publishes contract awards and regional trade, and Azerbaijan does not publish them in a form this record can read yet.

  1. 1

    Aluminium: unwrought, (not alloyed)HS 760110

    Comes fromKazakhstan 85%, 5 source countries
    Nearest export strengthAluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm... (exports USD 110m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 27m
    Countries that export it well25

    Score 8 of 8: import bill USD 160m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 0 per cent (3); Kazakhstan supplies 85 per cent (2).

    USD 160mup 359% on 2022
  2. 2

    Particle board of wood, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substancesHS 441011

    Comes fromRussia 73%, 14 source countries
    Nearest export strengthWood: railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), impregnated... (exports USD 134k)
    Exports of this lineUSD 11k
    Countries that export it well38

    Score 8 of 8: import bill USD 61m, top 10 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 8 per cent (3); Russia supplies 73 per cent (2).

    USD 61mup 15% on 2022
  3. 3

    Wood: coniferous species, of pine (Pinus spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed...HS 440711

    Comes fromBelarus 75%, 4 source countries
    Nearest export strengthWood: railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), impregnated... (exports USD 134k)
    Exports of this lineUSD 40k; 1 more line in the heading, USD 32m
    Countries that export it well22

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 147m, top 3 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 15 per cent (2); Belarus supplies 75 per cent (2).

    USD 147mup 27% on 2022
  4. 4

    Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of...HS 230400

    Comes fromArgentina 59%, 5 source countries
    Nearest export strengthBran, sharps and other residues: of wheat, whether or not in the... (exports USD 2m)
    Exports of this linenone recorded
    Countries that export it well18

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 106m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 8 per cent (3); Argentina supplies 59 per cent (1).

    USD 106mup 29% on 2022
  5. 5

    Washing and cleaning preparations: powders, flakes and granules, surface-active, whether or not containing soap...HS 340250

    Comes fromTurkey 74%, 45 source countries
    Nearest export strengthCement, concrete or artificial stone: building blocks or bricks...
    Exports of this lineUSD 16k; 1 more line in the heading, USD 20m
    Countries that export it well39

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 64m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 12 per cent (2); Turkey supplies 74 per cent (2).

    USD 64mup 4% on 2022
  6. 6

    Iron or non-alloy steel: flat-rolled, width 600mm or more, painted, varnished or coated with plasticsHS 721070

    Comes fromChina 93%, 11 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or non-alloy steel: semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy... (exports USD 30m)
    Exports of this linenone recorded; 1 more line in the heading, USD 55m
    Countries that export it well25

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 88m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 34 per cent (1); China supplies 93 per cent (2).

    USD 88mup 3% on 2022
  7. 7

    Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa: n.e.c. in chapter 18HS 180690

    Comes fromRussia 56%, 52 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone in the same chapter
    Exports of this lineUSD 11m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 43m
    Countries that export it well35

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 73m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 17 per cent (2); Russia supplies 56 per cent (1).

    USD 73mup 24% on 2022
  8. 8

    Sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, napkins (diapers), napkin liners and similar articles, of any materialHS 961900

    Comes fromTurkey 64%, 37 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone in the same chapter
    Exports of this lineUSD 1m
    Countries that export it well34

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 53m, top 14 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 16 per cent (2); Turkey supplies 64 per cent (2).

    USD 53mup 5% on 2022
  9. 9

    Food preparations: sweet biscuits, whether or not containing cocoaHS 190531

    Comes fromTurkey 41%, 43 source countries
    Nearest export strengthWaters: including mineral and aerated, containing added sugar or...
    Exports of this lineUSD 1m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 80m
    Countries that export it well52

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 43m, top 18 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 7 per cent (3); Turkey supplies 41 per cent (1).

    USD 43mup 27% on 2022
  10. 10

    Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, containing indentations, ribs, grooves...HS 721420

    Comes fromIran 55%, 8 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or non-alloy steel: semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy... (exports USD 30m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 11m
    Countries that export it well45

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 41m, top 19 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 1 per cent (3); Iran supplies 55 per cent (1).

    USD 41mup 63% on 2022
  11. 11

    Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, n.e.c. in heading no. 7213, of...HS 721391

    Comes fromIran 58%, 6 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or non-alloy steel: semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy... (exports USD 30m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 7m
    Countries that export it well31

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 39m, top 21 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 9 per cent (3); Iran supplies 58 per cent (1).

    USD 39mup 40% on 2022
  12. 12

    T-shirts, singlets and other vests: of cotton, knitted or crochetedHS 610910

    Comes fromTurkey 59%, 73 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFruit, edible: fruits n.e.c. in heading no. 0801 to 0810, fresh
    Exports of this lineUSD 23k
    Countries that export it well38

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 37m, top 22 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 8 per cent (3); Turkey supplies 59 per cent (1).

    USD 37mup 154% on 2022
  13. 13

    Aluminium: casks, drums, cans, boxes and the like for any material (not compressed or liquefied gas), 300l capacity or...HS 761290

    Comes fromRussia 64%, 17 source countries
    Nearest export strengthAluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm... (exports USD 110m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 1k
    Countries that export it well42

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 37m, top 22 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 18 per cent (2); Russia supplies 64 per cent (2).

    USD 37mup 22% on 2022
  14. 14

    Glass: carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials and other containers of glass, (not ampoules), used for the...HS 701090

    Comes fromRussia 80%, 37 source countries
    Nearest export strengthGlass: float glass and surface ground or polished glass, in sheets... (exports USD 17m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 936k
    Countries that export it well38

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 36m, top 23 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 23 per cent (2); Russia supplies 80 per cent (2).

    USD 36mup 4% on 2022
  15. 15

    Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), welded, of square or rectangular...HS 730661

    Comes fromRussia 84%, 16 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or steel (excluding cast iron or stainless steel): seamless... (exports USD 23m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 14k; 1 more line in the heading, USD 30m
    Countries that export it well40

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 26m, top 35 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 6 per cent (3); Russia supplies 84 per cent (2).

    USD 26mup 14% on 2022
  16. 16

    Ferrous products: obtained by direct reduction of iron ore, in lumps, pellets or similar formsHS 720310

    Comes fromRussia 97%, 2 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or non-alloy steel: semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy... (exports USD 30m)
    Exports of this linenone recorded
    Countries that export it well14

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 22m, top 42 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 1 per cent (3); Russia supplies 97 per cent (2).

    USD 22mfrom USD 2m in 2022
  17. 17

    Fertilizers, mineral or chemical: nitrogenous, ammonium nitrate, whether or not in aqueous solutionHS 310230

    Comes fromRussia 98%, 9 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFertilizers, mineral or chemical: nitrogenous, urea, whether or not... (exports USD 160m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 9k
    Countries that export it well22

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 20m, top 48 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 1 per cent (3); Russia supplies 98 per cent (2).

    USD 20mup 383% on 2022
  18. 18

    Food preparations: n.e.c. in item no. 2106.10HS 210690

    Comes fromTurkey 27%, 64 source countries
    Nearest export strengthWaters: including mineral and aerated, containing added sugar or...
    Exports of this lineUSD 750k
    Countries that export it well51

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 84m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 24 per cent (2).

    USD 84mup 2% on 2022
  19. 19

    Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.c. in heading 7308HS 730890

    Comes fromChina 48%, 44 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or steel (excluding cast iron or stainless steel): seamless... (exports USD 23m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 2m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 31m
    Countries that export it well33

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 71m, top 7 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 28 per cent (1); China supplies 48 per cent (1).

    USD 71mup 5% on 2022
  20. 20

    Tobacco: smoking, other than water pipe tobacco, whether or not containing tobacco substitutes in any proportionHS 240319

    Comes fromTurkey 44%, 16 source countries
    Nearest export strengthCigarettes: containing tobacco (exports USD 34m)
    Exports of this linenone recorded; 1 more line in the heading, USD 26m
    Countries that export it well29

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 57m, top 11 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Azerbaijan's export strengths in the top 11 per cent (2); Turkey supplies 44 per cent (1).

    USD 57mdown 11% on 2022

One line per customs heading. Products Azerbaijan already exports well and still imports are below, because they are a different conversation. No employment figures appear on this page, by decision.

Made here already, still imported

Scale conversations, not capability ones.

  • Iron or steel (excluding cast iron or stainless steel): seamless, casing and... imports USD 68m, exports USD 23m, top source Japan 24%
  • Iron or non-alloy steel: semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel... imports USD 68m, exports USD 30m, top source Russia 51%
  • Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine... imports USD 56m, exports USD 38m, top source Japan 59%
  • Stoppers: caps and lids, of base metal imports USD 27m, exports USD 14m, top source China 54%
  • Bromides and bromide oxides: other than item no. 2827.51 imports USD 14m, exports USD 3m, top source Israel 84%
  • Vehicles: concrete-mixer lorries imports USD 11m, exports USD 2m, top source China 88%
  • Iron or non-alloy steel (excluding cast iron): seamless, (excluding cold-drawn... imports USD 11m, exports USD 4m, top source Ukraine 43%
  • Ammunition: cartridges and parts thereof n.e.c. in heading no. 9306 imports USD 11m, exports USD 8m, top source Egypt 93%
  • Waters: including mineral and aerated, containing added sugar or other... imports USD 37m, exports USD 34m, top source Georgia 50%
  • Nuts and other seeds: whether or not containing added sugar, other sweetening... imports USD 10m, exports USD 8m, top source Turkey 34%
How the twenty were chosen

Three scores, each from a field the record carries.

Import bill, 0 to 3, by percentile among the 326 lines imported at USD 10m or more: above the median one point, top quarter two, top tenth three.

Proximity to export strengths, 0 to 3, on the same percentiles: the product-space method (Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabasi and Hausmann, Science 2007) on CEPII's BACI file of every bilateral trade flow for 2024, 157 countries and 5,388 products. Two products are close when the countries that export one well tend to export the other well. Only products in the upper half for proximity can enter the list at all: best placed is a proximity claim.

Supply concentration, 0 to 2: one point when a single country supplies 40 per cent or more, two at 60 per cent.

Scope. Manufactured goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, excluding ores, fuels and precious metals. Primary agriculture is out of scope for a page about manufacture.

What it cannot tell you

A map of where to look.

Trade data says what crossed the border, not why. Cost, scale, patents, tariffs and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. The world file reconciles what each pair of countries reports, so a national customs file would differ in detail. Nothing on this page is a forecast or a promise.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601, years 2022 to 2024. Edition of 2026-11-02. The UK edition with its procurement and regional layers is at /made-here/.

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