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The twenty imports Austria is best placed to replace.

Austria imported USD 181bn of manufactured goods in 2024 and exported USD 188bn. These are the twenty that sit closest to what it already makes well and where one country supplies most of them.

USD 6.1bnthe twenty, imported in 2024
136products imported at scale, not yet exported well, and close to existing strengths
1554products Austria already exports well
1888product lines imported at USD 10m or more
The twenty

Demand, capability, exposure. Nothing else is claimed.

Each line shows the import bill, where it comes from, the nearest thing Austria already exports well, and how many countries make it. It does not say whether a plant in Austria would pay. That reason is not in any trade record, and it is the maker's question.

This edition is trade and capability only, scored out of 8. The UK edition adds which public bodies buy each product and which region holds the capability; those layers are built only where a country publishes contract awards and regional trade, and Austria does not publish them in a form this record can read yet.

  1. 1

    Printed matter: books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter n.e.c. in item no. 4901.10 or 4901.91HS 490199

    Comes fromGermany 67%, 122 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPrinted matter: n.e.c. in heading no. 4911 (exports USD 209m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 57m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 71m
    Countries that export it well32

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 352m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 45 per cent (1); Germany supplies 67 per cent (2).

    USD 352mup 7% on 2022
  2. 2

    Gears and gearing: (not toothed wheels, chain sprockets and other transmission elements presented separately): ball or...HS 848340

    Comes fromGermany 62%, 71 source countries
    Nearest export strengthEngines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the... (exports USD 2.8bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 165m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 120m
    Countries that export it well15

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 343m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 48 per cent (1); Germany supplies 62 per cent (2).

    USD 343mdown 7% on 2022
  3. 3

    Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, capable of...HS 870360

    Comes fromGermany 52%, 30 source countries
    Nearest export strengthVehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating... (exports USD 3.5bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 258m; 7 more lines in the heading, USD 6.2bn
    Countries that export it well13

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 1.1bn, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 44 per cent (1); Germany supplies 52 per cent (1).

    USD 1.1bnup 67% on 2022
  4. 4

    Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances: for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including...HS 848180

    Comes fromGermany 54%, 96 source countries
    Nearest export strengthEngines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the... (exports USD 2.8bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 528m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 324m
    Countries that export it well21

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 731m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 44 per cent (1); Germany supplies 54 per cent (1).

    USD 731mdown 2% on 2022
  5. 5

    Rubber: new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on motor cars (including station wagons and racing cars)HS 401110

    Comes fromGermany 44%, 59 source countries
    Nearest export strengthRubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), gloves, of a kind used... (exports USD 69m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 82m; 5 more lines in the heading, USD 297m
    Countries that export it well28

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 515m, top 3 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 48 per cent (1); Germany supplies 44 per cent (1).

    USD 515mdown 6% on 2022
  6. 6

    Cosmetic and toilet preparations: n.e.c. in heading no. 3304, for the care of the skin (excluding medicaments...HS 330499

    Comes fromGermany 55%, 123 source countries
    Nearest export strengthOils, essential: n.e.c. in heading no. 3301 (terpeneless or not)... (exports USD 31m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 247m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 133m
    Countries that export it well30

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 466m, top 3 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 48 per cent (1); Germany supplies 55 per cent (1).

    USD 466mup 37% on 2022
  7. 7

    Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa: n.e.c. in chapter 18HS 180690

    Comes fromGermany 56%, 86 source countries
    Nearest export strengthChocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa: in blocks... (exports USD 426m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 165m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 111m
    Countries that export it well35

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 385m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 34 per cent (1); Germany supplies 56 per cent (1).

    USD 385mup 21% on 2022
  8. 8

    Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: syringes, with or without needlesHS 901831

    Comes fromTaiwan 42%, 56 source countries
    Nearest export strengthAppliances: worn, carried or implanted in the body, to compensate... (exports USD 416m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 55m; 7 more lines in the heading, USD 1.2bn
    Countries that export it well20

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 197m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 46 per cent (1); Taiwan supplies 42 per cent (1).

    USD 197mup 24% on 2022
  9. 9

    Newspapers, journals and periodicals: whether or not illustrated or containing advertising material, appearing less...HS 490290

    Comes fromGermany 81%, 51 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPrinted matter: n.e.c. in heading no. 4911 (exports USD 209m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 10m
    Countries that export it well23

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 121m, top 17 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 30 per cent (1); Germany supplies 81 per cent (2).

    USD 121mdown 15% on 2022
  10. 10

    Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.c. in chapter 90HS 903149

    Comes fromGermany 61%, 62 source countries
    Nearest export strengthAppliances: worn, carried or implanted in the body, to compensate... (exports USD 416m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 87m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 29m
    Countries that export it well11

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 102m, top 21 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 50 per cent (1); Germany supplies 61 per cent (2).

    USD 102mdown 22% on 2022
  11. 11

    Electric motors and generators: DC, of an output not exceeding 750WHS 850131

    Comes fromHungary 33%, 64 source countries
    Nearest export strengthElectrical static converters (exports USD 1.0bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 72m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 63m
    Countries that export it well16

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 292m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 49 per cent (1).

    USD 292mup 2% on 2022
  12. 12

    Rubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), articles n.e.c. in heading no. 4016, of non-cellular rubberHS 401699

    Comes fromGermany 34%, 96 source countries
    Nearest export strengthRubber: vulcanised (other than hard rubber), gloves, of a kind used... (exports USD 69m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 139m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 199m
    Countries that export it well25

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 252m, top 7 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 45 per cent (1).

    USD 252mup 2% on 2022
  13. 13

    Stoppers: caps and lids, of base metalHS 830990

    Comes fromPoland 37%, 48 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMountings, fittings and similar articles: suitable for furniture of... (exports USD 1.3bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 46m
    Countries that export it well30

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 237m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 42 per cent (1).

    USD 237mdown 12% on 2022
  14. 14

    Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of...HS 870422

    Comes fromGermany 37%, 25 source countries
    Nearest export strengthVehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating... (exports USD 3.5bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 169m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 744m
    Countries that export it well15

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 213m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 47 per cent (1).

    USD 213mup 30% on 2022
  15. 15

    Paper articles: handkerchiefs, cleansing or facial tissues and towelsHS 481820

    Comes fromGermany 56%, 64 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPaper and paperboard: coated with kaolin or other inorganic... (exports USD 636m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 40m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 32m
    Countries that export it well34

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 175m, top 11 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 42 per cent (1); Germany supplies 56 per cent (1).

    USD 175mdown 4% on 2022
  16. 16

    Ice cream and other edible ice: whether or not containing cocoaHS 210500

    Comes fromGermany 49%, 36 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFood preparations: n.e.c. in item no. 2106.10 (exports USD 913m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 38m
    Countries that export it well37

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 154m, top 12 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 42 per cent (1); Germany supplies 49 per cent (1).

    USD 154mup 40% on 2022
  17. 17

    Washing machines: household or laundry-type, fully-automatic, (of a dry linen capacity not exceeding 10kg)HS 845011

    Comes fromGermany 56%, 37 source countries
    Nearest export strengthEngines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the... (exports USD 2.8bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 7m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 13m
    Countries that export it well17

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 126m, top 17 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 49 per cent (1); Germany supplies 56 per cent (1).

    USD 126mup 9% on 2022
  18. 18

    Vehicle parts: steering wheels, steering columns and steering boxes: parts thereofHS 870894

    Comes fromGermany 49%, 75 source countries
    Nearest export strengthVehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating... (exports USD 3.5bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 77m; 7 more lines in the heading, USD 1.2bn
    Countries that export it well18

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 126m, top 17 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 42 per cent (1); Germany supplies 49 per cent (1).

    USD 126mdown 16% on 2022
  19. 19

    Hair preparations: n.e.c. in heading no. 3305HS 330590

    Comes fromGermany 59%, 96 source countries
    Nearest export strengthOils, essential: n.e.c. in heading no. 3301 (terpeneless or not)... (exports USD 31m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 39m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 93m
    Countries that export it well33

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 124m, top 17 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 44 per cent (1); Germany supplies 59 per cent (1).

    USD 124mup 25% on 2022
  20. 20

    Slag wool, rock wool and similar mineral wools (including intermixtures thereof), in bulk, sheets or rollsHS 680610

    Comes fromGermany 59%, 35 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMillstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like: of other... (exports USD 246m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 14m
    Countries that export it well27

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 124m, top 17 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Austria's export strengths in the top 37 per cent (1); Germany supplies 59 per cent (1).

    USD 124mup 9% on 2022

One line per customs heading. Products Austria already exports well and still imports are below, because they are a different conversation. No employment figures appear on this page, by decision.

Made here already, still imported

Scale conversations, not capability ones.

  • Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine... imports USD 2.4bn, exports USD 646m, top source Germany 52%
  • Engines: parts, suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition... imports USD 1.1bn, exports USD 550m, top source Germany 58%
  • Wood: coniferous species, of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), in the... imports USD 497m, exports USD 25m, top source Germany 46%
  • Machinery: parts of machines handling earth, minerals or ores and n.e.c. in... imports USD 592m, exports USD 277m, top source Slovenia 27%
  • Polypeptide hormones, protein hormones and glycoprotein hormones, their... imports USD 657m, exports USD 364m, top source Switzerland 100%
  • Copper: waste and scrap imports USD 660m, exports USD 368m, top source Germany 44%
  • Insulated electric conductors: for a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts, not... imports USD 847m, exports USD 568m, top source Germany 19%
  • Aluminium: unwrought, alloys imports USD 822m, exports USD 550m, top source Germany 27%
  • Harvesting machinery: parts, including parts of threshing machinery, straw or... imports USD 319m, exports USD 79m, top source Belgium 53%
  • Electrical static converters imports USD 1.3bn, exports USD 1.0bn, top source China 30%
How the twenty were chosen

Three scores, each from a field the record carries.

Import bill, 0 to 3, by percentile among the 1888 lines imported at USD 10m or more: above the median one point, top quarter two, top tenth three.

Proximity to export strengths, 0 to 3, on the same percentiles: the product-space method (Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabasi and Hausmann, Science 2007) on CEPII's BACI file of every bilateral trade flow for 2024, 157 countries and 5,388 products. Two products are close when the countries that export one well tend to export the other well. Only products in the upper half for proximity can enter the list at all: best placed is a proximity claim.

Supply concentration, 0 to 2: one point when a single country supplies 40 per cent or more, two at 60 per cent.

Scope. Manufactured goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, excluding ores, fuels and precious metals. Primary agriculture is out of scope for a page about manufacture.

What it cannot tell you

A map of where to look.

Trade data says what crossed the border, not why. Cost, scale, patents, tariffs and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. The world file reconciles what each pair of countries reports, so a national customs file would differ in detail. Nothing on this page is a forecast or a promise.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601, years 2022 to 2024. Edition of 2026-11-02. The UK edition with its procurement and regional layers is at /made-here/.

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