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The twenty imports Armenia is best placed to replace.

Armenia imported USD 8.2bn of manufactured goods in 2024 and exported USD 3.7bn. These are the twenty that sit closest to what it already makes well and where one country supplies most of them.

USD 638mthe twenty, imported in 2024
48products imported at scale, not yet exported well, and close to existing strengths
319products Armenia already exports well
162product lines imported at USD 10m or more
The twenty

Demand, capability, exposure. Nothing else is claimed.

Each line shows the import bill, where it comes from, the nearest thing Armenia already exports well, and how many countries make it. It does not say whether a plant in Armenia would pay. That reason is not in any trade record, and it is the maker's question.

This edition is trade and capability only, scored out of 8. The UK edition adds which public bodies buy each product and which region holds the capability; those layers are built only where a country publishes contract awards and regional trade, and Armenia does not publish them in a form this record can read yet.

  1. 1

    Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, containing indentations, ribs, grooves...HS 721420

    Comes fromIran 81%, 6 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFerro-alloys: ferro-molybdenum (exports USD 227m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 3k
    Countries that export it well45

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 99m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 12 per cent (2); Iran supplies 81 per cent (2).

    USD 99mup 35% on 2022
  2. 2

    Footwear: (other than sportswear), with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materialsHS 640419

    Comes fromChina 60%, 51 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFootwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6403, covering the ankle, outer... (exports USD 12m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 7m
    Countries that export it well24

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 33m, top 14 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 15 per cent (2); China supplies 60 per cent (2).

    USD 33mup 85% on 2022
  3. 3

    Textiles: made up articles (including dress patterns), n.e.c. in chapter 63, n.e.c. in heading no. 6307HS 630790

    Comes fromRussia 90%, 61 source countries
    Nearest export strengthTents (including temporary canopies and similar articles): of... (exports USD 2m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 8m
    Countries that export it well26

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 26m, top 27 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 9 per cent (3); Russia supplies 90 per cent (2).

    USD 26mfrom USD 3m in 2022
  4. 4

    Footwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6402, (other than just covering the ankle), with outer soles and uppers of rubber or...HS 640299

    Comes fromChina 82%, 47 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFootwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6403, covering the ankle, outer... (exports USD 12m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 3m
    Countries that export it well16

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 23m, top 38 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 9 per cent (3); China supplies 82 per cent (2).

    USD 23mup 19% on 2022
  5. 5

    Cement: portland, other than white, whether or not artificially colouredHS 252329

    Comes fromIran 100%, 3 source countries
    Nearest export strengthVermiculite, perlite and chlorites: unexpanded (exports USD 5m)
    Exports of this linenone recorded
    Countries that export it well54

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 18m, top 48 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 10 per cent (3); Iran supplies 100 per cent (2).

    USD 18mup 430% on 2022
  6. 6

    Tobacco: partly or wholly stemmed or strippedHS 240120

    Comes fromIndia 26%, 25 source countries
    Nearest export strengthCigarettes: containing tobacco (exports USD 401m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 2m
    Countries that export it well27

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 87m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 23 per cent (2).

    USD 87mup 299% on 2022
  7. 7

    Sugars: cane sugar, raw, in solid form, other than as specified in Subheading Note 2 to this chapter, not containing...HS 170114

    Comes fromBrazil 100%, 12 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone in the same chapter
    Exports of this lineUSD 757k; 1 more line in the heading, USD 26m
    Countries that export it well23

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 31m, top 16 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 44 per cent (1); Brazil supplies 100 per cent (2).

    USD 31mdown 21% on 2022
  8. 8

    Paper and paperboard: folding cartons, boxes and cases, of non-corrugated paper or paperboardHS 481920

    Comes fromChina 83%, 46 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPaper and paperboard: registers, account books, note books, order... (exports USD 2m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 362k
    Countries that export it well37

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 28m, top 19 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 32 per cent (1); China supplies 83 per cent (2).

    USD 28mfrom USD 4m in 2022
  9. 9

    Buildings: prefabricated, not of woodHS 940690

    Comes fromFrance 45%, 23 source countries
    Nearest export strengthSleeping bags (exports USD 20m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 27k
    Countries that export it well38

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 27m, top 23 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 25 per cent (2); France supplies 45 per cent (1).

    USD 27mup 53% on 2022
  10. 10

    Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), welded, of square or rectangular...HS 730661

    Comes fromRussia 79%, 13 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material... (exports USD 466k)
    Exports of this lineUSD 95k
    Countries that export it well40

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 23m, top 38 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 20 per cent (2); Russia supplies 79 per cent (2).

    USD 23mup 9% on 2022
  11. 11

    Dog or cat food: (not put up for retail sale), used in animal feedingHS 230990

    Comes fromItaly 32%, 29 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFlours, meals and pellets: of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs or... (exports USD 13m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 5m
    Countries that export it well48

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 44m, top 10 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 26 per cent (1).

    USD 44mdown 22% on 2022
  12. 12

    Food preparations: n.e.c. in item no. 2106.10HS 210690

    Comes fromRussia 48%, 63 source countries
    Nearest export strengthSauces: tomato ketchup and other tomato sauces (exports USD 2m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 14m
    Countries that export it well51

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 32m, top 15 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 40 per cent (1); Russia supplies 48 per cent (1).

    USD 32mup 28% on 2022
  13. 13

    Food preparations: bakers' wares n.e.c. in heading no. 1605, whether or not containing cocoa: communion wafers, empty...HS 190590

    Comes fromRussia 61%, 46 source countries
    Nearest export strengthCoffee: roasted, not decaffeinated
    Exports of this lineUSD 1m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 25m
    Countries that export it well47

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 20m, top 42 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 27 per cent (1); Russia supplies 61 per cent (2).

    USD 20mup 37% on 2022
  14. 14

    T-shirts, singlets and other vests: of cotton, knitted or crochetedHS 610910

    Comes fromBangladesh 28%, 80 source countries
    Nearest export strengthGarments and clothing accessories: babies', of cotton, knitted or... (exports USD 10m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 14m
    Countries that export it well38

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 19m, top 44 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 6 per cent (3).

    USD 19mup 67% on 2022
  15. 15

    Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles: of man-made fibres, knitted or crochetedHS 611030

    Comes fromChina 51%, 57 source countries
    Nearest export strengthGarments and clothing accessories: babies', of cotton, knitted or... (exports USD 10m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 7m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 17m
    Countries that export it well32

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 12m, top 78 per cent of candidates (0); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 4 per cent (3); China supplies 51 per cent (1).

    USD 12mup 16% on 2022
  16. 16

    Fertilizers, mineral or chemical: nitrogenous, ammonium nitrate, whether or not in aqueous solutionHS 310230

    Comes fromRussia 76%, 7 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone in the same chapter
    Exports of this linenone recorded
    Countries that export it well22

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 11m, top 89 per cent of candidates (0); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 13 per cent (2); Russia supplies 76 per cent (2).

    USD 11mdown 57% on 2022
  17. 17

    Cosmetic and toilet preparations: n.e.c. in heading no. 3304, for the care of the skin (excluding medicaments...HS 330499

    Comes fromFrance 22%, 65 source countries
    Nearest export strengthOral or dental hygiene preparations: dentifrices (exports USD 3m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 6m
    Countries that export it well30

    Score 3 of 8: import bill USD 28m, top 20 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 48 per cent (1).

    USD 28mup 57% on 2022
  18. 18

    Sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, napkins (diapers), napkin liners and similar articles, of any materialHS 961900

    Comes fromRussia 38%, 39 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPencils and crayons: with leads encased in sheath (exports USD 8m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 480k
    Countries that export it well34

    Score 3 of 8: import bill USD 27m, top 25 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 43 per cent (1).

    USD 27mdown 3% on 2022
  19. 19

    Footwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6403, (not covering the ankle), outer soles of rubber, plastics or composition...HS 640399

    Comes fromItaly 35%, 54 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFootwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6403, covering the ankle, outer... (exports USD 12m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 12m
    Countries that export it well26

    Score 3 of 8: import bill USD 26m, top 27 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 20 per cent (2).

    USD 26mup 157% on 2022
  20. 20

    Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.c. in heading 7308HS 730890

    Comes fromIran 50%, 34 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material... (exports USD 466k)
    Exports of this lineUSD 73k; 1 more line in the heading, USD 12m
    Countries that export it well33

    Score 3 of 8: import bill USD 24m, top 33 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Armenia's export strengths in the top 31 per cent (1); Iran supplies 50 per cent (1).

    USD 24mdown 6% on 2022

One line per customs heading. Products Armenia already exports well and still imports are below, because they are a different conversation. No employment figures appear on this page, by decision.

Made here already, still imported

Scale conversations, not capability ones.

  • Telephone sets: smartphones for cellular or other wireless networks imports USD 805m, exports USD 675m, top source Vietnam 84%
  • Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa: n.e.c. in chapter 18 imports USD 52m, exports USD 15m, top source Russia 58%
  • Glass: carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials and other containers of... imports USD 34m, exports USD 21m, top source Russia 78%
  • Mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel loaders: n.e.c. in item no. 8429.50 imports USD 18m, exports USD 5m, top source United Kingdom 49%
  • Pencils and crayons: with leads encased in sheath imports USD 20m, exports USD 8m, top source Russia 98%
  • Washing machines: household or laundry-type, fully-automatic, (of a dry linen... imports USD 28m, exports USD 17m, top source China 80%
  • Braces, suspenders, garters and similar articles: whether or not knitted or... imports USD 14m, exports USD 4m, top source Russia 99%
  • Wadding: other articles thereof, of man-made fibres imports USD 12m, exports USD 2m, top source Hungary 49%
  • Trailers and semi-trailers: (other than tanker type) imports USD 20m, exports USD 10m, top source Germany 41%
  • Waters: including mineral and aerated, containing added sugar or other... imports USD 20m, exports USD 11m, top source Georgia 53%
How the twenty were chosen

Three scores, each from a field the record carries.

Import bill, 0 to 3, by percentile among the 162 lines imported at USD 10m or more: above the median one point, top quarter two, top tenth three.

Proximity to export strengths, 0 to 3, on the same percentiles: the product-space method (Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabasi and Hausmann, Science 2007) on CEPII's BACI file of every bilateral trade flow for 2024, 157 countries and 5,388 products. Two products are close when the countries that export one well tend to export the other well. Only products in the upper half for proximity can enter the list at all: best placed is a proximity claim.

Supply concentration, 0 to 2: one point when a single country supplies 40 per cent or more, two at 60 per cent.

Scope. Manufactured goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, excluding ores, fuels and precious metals. Primary agriculture is out of scope for a page about manufacture.

What it cannot tell you

A map of where to look.

Trade data says what crossed the border, not why. Cost, scale, patents, tariffs and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. The world file reconciles what each pair of countries reports, so a national customs file would differ in detail. Nothing on this page is a forecast or a promise.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601, years 2022 to 2024. Edition of 2026-11-02. The UK edition with its procurement and regional layers is at /made-here/.

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